Keilim 1:4 - 1:5

שהיא מטמאה את בועלה – seven [days] of uncleanness. For regarding a menstruating woman, it is written (Leviticus 15:24): “[And if a man lies with her,] her menstrual impurity is communicated to him and he shall be impure seen days” and it is also written regarding a woman with flux (Leviticus 15:25): “she shall be impure, as though at the time of her menstrual impurity, as long as her discharge lasts,” and we expound upon "תהיה טמאה היא"/she shall be impure – to include the man who had sexual intercourse with her. [The word] "היא"/she – that she defiles the man who had sexual intercourse with her but the person with gonorrhea does not defile whomever he has had sexual intercourse with for [a period of] seven [days], but only the defilement of contact/touching and carrying.

למעלה מן הזבה מצורע – a leper [defiles] by lying and sitting like a woman with a flux. But more stringent than her, he defiles through entering [a place]. When he comes to the house, everything that is in the house is impure, even though he did not touch it/come in contact with it, as it is written (Leviticus 13:46): “[He shall be impure as long as the disease is upon him. Being impure, he shall dwell apart;] his dwelling shall be outside the camp,” which teaches that is dwelling is impure. From here, they (i.e., the Rabbis) stated that a leper that sits underneath the tree and a pure person passes by, the pure person is defiled. But if a pure person sits underneath the tree and a leper passes by, the pure person is not defiled. And similarly leprous clothing and with a leprous stone. And especially concerning a leper during the days of his receiving final judgment following probationary enclosure, but during the days of his counting, that is, after shaving/cutting off all of his hair and [the offering of] the birds, he does not defile by entering and he does not defile by lying and sitting.

למעלה מן המצורע עצם כשעורה שהוא מטמא טומאת שבעה – as it is written (Numbers 31:24): “On the seventh day you shall wash your clothes and be pure, [and after that you may enter the camp],” all defilements that you become defiled through [contact with] the dead will not be less than seven [days]. But even though that the leper is more stringent than a bone the size of a barley corn, for the leper defiles everything that is in the tent when he comes to the tent, but the bone the size of barley corn does not defile in the tent, nevertheless, on this level, however, the bone the size of a barley corn is more stringent as it defiles an uncleanness of seven[days]. And similarly, all of these are of [increasingly] higher levels that are considered not for every matter it is stated that the second is more stringent than the first, for many of them have a stringency in the first [mentioned] that is not [found] in the second, but for that [higher] level that he counts alone it is stated that the second is more stringent.

חמור מכולם מת – there are those of them [listed] that are more stringent than a corpse, for a man with gonorrhea and a woman with flux makes [defilement] through lying and sitting and defile with the very heavy stone, but a corpse does not [defile] through lying and sitting and doesn’t defile with a very heavy stone. But nevertheless, on this [higher] level, a corpse is more stringent than all of them, as it defiles by overshadowing. For just as a leper causes defilement through entrance, his defilement is not like the defilement of overshadowing, for if he brought his hand into a leprous house, it is pure, and even if he completely entered except for his nose, he is pure, for partial entering is not called entering. And even a partition saves in a house where the leper is, as is taught in the Mishnah of [Tractate] Negaim at the end of the thirteenth chapter [Mishnah 12]: “If he entered the synagogue, they make a partition for him ten handbreadths high [by four cubits wide]. He enters first and leaves last.” And all in a similar manner concerning a corpse that defiles in a tent. Alternatively, there is a division between a sitting leper and a passing leper, as I have explained above, what is not the case regarding a corpse.

עשר טמאות פורשות מן האדם – there are ten levels/degrees of uncleanness one above the other that emanate from the human.

מחוסר כפורים (lacking atonement) – as for example the confirmed leper (whom must grow his hair long and rend his garments), and the male with gonorrhea who has had three appearances of flux, and the woman with flux and the woman following childbirth, who immersed in the ritual bath and when their [seventh day’s] suns have set, they are prohibited to eat Holy Things until they bring their atonement. And then [if they are Kohanim or married to them] are permitted to eat heave-offering/Terumah.

חזר להיות טבול יום – an impure person who has immersed in the ritual bath/Mikveh but his sunset has not come.

אסור בקודש ובתרומה – and he disqualifies/invalidates them if he comes in contact with/touches them.

חזר להיות בעל קרי – that effusion of semen came out from him and he didn’t immerse in a Mikveh.

חזר להיות בועל נדה – but surely that it (i.e., the Mishnah) did not teach that he became unclean through contact with a corpse which is more severe than someone who experienced a seminal emission, for a person who comes in contact with a corpse is a primary source of ritual impurity, but someone who experienced a seminal emission is only a first-degree of ritual impurity, and it (i.e., the Mishnah) returns to teach that he returned to become someone who had sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman which is more severe than someone who became unclean through contact with a corpse that he defiles the lower surface upon which he lies which is like the upper one. And because these ten defilements emanate from the human being, this is defilement through contact.

משכב תחתון כעליון (the lower surface upon which one lies is like the upper one) – the bedding underneath the man who engages in sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman is like the upper one of a man with gonorrhea/flux. Just as what is above a man with gonorrhea is unclean to defile food and liquids but not a person nor vessels, even what is below the man who has sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman is impure to defile food and liquids, but not humans or vessels/utensils.

שראה שתי ראיות מטמא משכב ומושב (renders unclean the couch and the chair he sits upon) – and he needs to count seven clean [days]. For this is taught in the Mishnah in the first chapter of [Tractate] Megillah (Mishnah 7): “There is no difference between a person with gonorrhea/Zab who suffers two appearances of flux and one who suffers three except the requirement of a sacrifice/offering [for the latter].

וצריך ביאת מים חיים – as it is written concerning a man with gonorrhea/flux (Leviticus 15:13): “[When one with a discharge becomes purified of his discharge, he shall count off seven days for his purification, wash his clothes, [and bathe his body in fresh water/מים חיים; [then he shall be pure],” but the rest of all of those who are impure, the waters of the Mikveh are sufficient for them.

חייב קרבן – that is stated in the Torah portion of Metzora regarding a man with gonorrhea/flux (Leviticus 15:14-15). And all the time that he didn’t bring a sacrifice, he is lacking atonement.

מצורע מוסגר (quarantined leper) – that the Kohen quarantines him for seven days to see if he will produce signs/symptoms of defilement.

מטמא בביאה – if he comes into the house, everything that is in the house is defiled.

ופטור מן הפריעה ומן הפרימה (and he is exempt from letting the hair grow and rending his garments) – for the Torah did not say that his clothing should be rent/torn and that [the hair on] his head will be neglected (i.e., allowed to grow wildly).

ומן התגלחת ומן הצפורים – that a confirmed [leper] that healed brings birds and shaves all of his hair off but a quarantined [leper] does not [do these things].

שאין עליו בשר כראוי – as is explained in the concluding clause [of the Mishnah] in order to produce new flesh/skin on a healing wound.

מטמא במגע ובמשא ואינו מטמא באוהל – that regarding contact/touching, it is written (Numbers 19:18): “[and on] him who touched the bones [or the person who was killed or died naturally or the grave],”implying, whether he has appropriate flesh or whether he lacks appropriate flesh. And regarding the defilement in a tent, it is written (Numbers 19:16): “or human bone, or a grave, [shall be impure seven days],” and human bone implies until there will be upon him flesh and sinews and bones.

במקום אחד כדי להקיפו בחוט ערב (in one place enough [flesh] to surround the member with [the thickness] of the thread of the woof) – if he would cut the flesh that is on the limb to thread that have in their thickness like the thread of the woof, which is thicker by double than the thread of the warp, and there will be in them enough to surround the member, while knowing that through this, it is producing new flesh/skin on a healing wound. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.