Avodah Zarah 5:8 - 5:9

ומים במים – water that was offered as a libation to idolatry or was worshipped, with permitted water

בכל שהוא – in any [miniscule] amount it makes no difference whether something declared valid because one part of it was indisputably valid to something prohibited or something that was absolutely prohibited that fell to something permitted, It prohibits its own kind in any [miniscule amount], as long as the prohibited thing that falls into something permitted falls from a utensil whose rim is wide and that the wine that leaves the utensil is a large measure at one time. But when one empties libation wine from a small utensil that does not produce other than a drop at a time, and it fell into permitted wine, even all day long, we say that which comes out first is annulled. But if he emptied something permitted into something prohibited, all that which he emptied from it into the prohibited substance is prohibited, and even from a full cask into one drop. But the conclusion of the matter according to the Halakha regarding all the prohibitions in the Torah whether of their own kind or not of their own kind is concerned with the imparting of a taste except for the cases of eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts and libation wine with their own kind with any [miniscule amount] and not of their own kind with the imparting of a taste. Libation wine is because of the stringency regarding idolatry. Cases of eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts because as it is made permitted, so is its prohibition, like the case of one [sheaf of] wheat exempts the pile, so too, one [sheaf of] wheat makes the entire pile forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts. But if a prohibition from the rest of the prohibitions was mixed with something permitted- if something of one species was mixed with something that was not of its species for one could establish by taste if it is priest’s due/Terumah that was combined with non-holy produce/Hullin, a Kohen could taste it, and if it is a prohibited substance, a non-Jewish baker can taste it and if he says that in this mixture there isn’t the taste of Terumah or the taste of something prohibited, it is all permitted. But if something of one species was mixed with something of the same species where one cannot establish the taste, or something of one species [being mixed] with something of a different species and there is no Kohen or non-Jew present that we can rely upon him, if it is something prohibited from forbidden fats, from the blood of something that died of itself or torn, forbidden animals or reptiles (i.e., all kinds of forbidden foods) and similar things, we estimate it with sixty [parts], for if there are sixty parts of permitted substance in opposition to the prohibited substance, it is all permissible, but if not, it is all prohibited. But, if the prohibition is Terumah/priest’s due, Hallah and First Fruits/Bikkurim, we estimate/calculate it with one hundred [parts] of something permitted. But if we are dealing with Orlah/fourth year fruit, and mixed seeds in the vineyard, we calculate it with two-hundred parts.

ואלו אסורים ואוסרין בכל שהוא – every place where they were mixed there, even one in one-thousand, forbids everything.

יין נסך – one jug in one-thousand jugs forbids benefit of all of them , but this is not the Halakha but rather, as we have written at the end [the chapter] "כל הצלמים" /all of the [idolatrous] images (Tractate Avodah Zarah, Chapter 3, Mishnah 9): They take the monies of that jug to the Dead Sea, and the rest – everything is permitted to derive benefit but prohibited to drink.

ועבודה זרה – a figure that was worshipped and mixed with one thousand figures which are not idolatrous.

ועורות לבובין – these are also forbidden to derive benefit from them as we mentioned in the chapter"אין מעמידין"/we don’t leave (Tractate Avodah Zarah, Chapter 2, Mishnah 3).

וצפורי מצורע וחולין שנשחטו בעזרה – things prohibited to derive benefit from and in Chapter two of [Tractate] Kiddushin (Mishnah 9) we explain them.

ושעיר נזיר – they are prohibited to derive benefit from as it is written (Numbers 6:18): “and take the locks of his consecrated hair and put them on the fire that is under the sacrifice of well-being.” And if a bundle of the hair of the Nazirite, een one thousand bundles of the rest of the hair, all are prohibited to derive benefit from them.

ופטר חמור – are prohibited to derive benefit all the while that it is not redeemed.

ובשר בחלב – a piece of meat that was cooked in milk and became combined with one-thousand pieces [of meat], it prohibits all of them regarding deriving benefit. And this Tanna/teacher holds that a thing where it is customary to be counted and its prohibition is one of deriving benefit, prohibits the mixture in any amount, and aall of these are considered in our Mishnah a thing where it is customary to be counted, and their prohibition is a prohibition of deriving benefit.

הרי אלו – o exclude that which is forbidden to derive benefit and it is not customary to count, or where it is their practice to be counted, and are not forbidden from deriving benefit, which do not forbid the mixture in any [even miniscule] amount.