Today's Mishnah Yomi
Eduyos 4:4 - 4:5
The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, April 1, 2025 is Eduyos 4:4 - 4:5
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Eduyos Perek 4 Mishnah 4
עדיות פרק ד׳ משנה ד׳
A sheaf which was close to a wall or to a stack or to the herd or to [field] utensils, and was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten.
הָעֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לַגַּפָּה וְלַגָּדִישׁ וְלַבָּקָר וְלַכֵּלִים, וּשְׁכָחוֹ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ שִׁכְחָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שִׁכְחָה:
Bartenura
לגפה. גדר אבנים סדורות זו על זו בלא טיט:
ולכלים. כלי המחרישה:
בית שמאי אומרים אינו שכחה. פלוגתייהו דבית שמאי ובית הלל בעומר שהחזיק בו להוליכו לעיר ונתנו בצד הגפה או בצד הגדיש ושכחו שם, שב״ש אומרים אינו שכחה, שהרי זכה בו, וב״ה אומרים שכחה. פירוש אחר, ב״ש אומרים אינו שכחה, אפילו בעומר שלא החזיק בו כלל לא הוי שכחה, דהואיל והניחו אצל דבר המסוים עתיד לזכרו. וב״ה אומרים שכחה, כל זמן שלא החזיק בו. ומודים ב״ה שאם החזיק בו ואח״כ שכחו שאינו שכחה:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Eduyos Perek 4 Mishnah 5
עדיות פרק ד׳ משנה ה׳
A vineyard of the fourth year Beth Shammai says: it is not subject to the law of the fifth nor to the law of removal. And Beth Hillel says: it is subject to the law of the fifth and to the law of removal. Beth Shammai says: it is subject to the law of fallen grapes and to the law of gleanings, and the poor redeem them for themselves. And Beth Hillel says: all of it goes to the winepress.
כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְאֵין לוֹ בִעוּר. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ חֹמֶשׁ וְיֶשׁ לוֹ בִעוּר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ פֶרֶט וְיֶשׁ לוֹ עוֹלְלוֹת, וְהָעֲנִיִּים פּוֹדִים לְעַצְמָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלּוֹ לַגָּת:
Bartenura
כרם רבעי (this Mishnah is also taught in Tractate Peah, Chapter 7, Mishnah 6 and also in Tractate Ma’aser Sheni, Chapter 5, Mishnah 3) – which needs redemption if he comes to eat it outside of Jerusalem and the same law applies to all fruit-bearing trees.
אין לו חומש – For the Torah did not write concerning it that the owners add one-fifth in the matter that it wrote regarding the Second Tithe.
ואין לו ביעור – he is not liable to remove it from the house on the Eve of Passover of the fourth year and of the seventh year as one removes the tithes, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:13): “[You shall declare before the LORD your God:] ‘I have cleared out the consecrated portion from the house, [and I have given it to the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless and the widow…].”
יש לו חומש ויש לו בעור – The School of Hillel derives “holy” “holy” from tithes (Leviticus 19:24: “In the fourth year all its fruit shall be set aside [literally – “holy”] for jubilation before the LORD; and Leviticus 27:30: “All tithes from the land, whether seed from the ground or fruit from the tree, are the LORD’s;] they are holy to the LORD).” Just as tithes have an added fifth and it has removal, so does the fourth year fruit of the vineyard - it has the added fifth [when redeemed] and it has removal. But the School of Shammai does not derive “holy, holy” from tithes.
יש לו פרט ויש לו עוללות – for they are considered like non-holy produce.
והעניים פודין לעצמן – The grapes fallen off during cutting and the gleaning reserved for the poor which they harvested, and they eat them in their place and bring their monetary value to Jerusalem.
וב"ה אומרים כולו לגת – because they derive it from tithes, and they hold that the Second Tithe money belongs to “On-High.” Therefore, the poor have no portion in it and they tread on the gleanings with the rest of the wine, and the owners bring it all up to Jerusalem.
כרם רבעי. שהוא צריך פדיון אם בא לאכלו חוץ לירושלים. והוא הדין לכל עץ מאכל:
אין לו חומש. דלא כתבה תורה בו שהבעלים מוסיפין את החומש כדרך שכתבה במעשר שני:
ואין לו ביעור. אינו חייב לבערו מן הבית בערב פסח של רביעית ושל שביעית כשמבער המעשרות כדכתיב (דברים כ״ו:י״ג) ביערתי הקודש מן הבית:
יש לו חומש ויש לו ביעור. בית הלל ילפי קודש קודש ממעשר, מה מעשר יש לו חומש ויש לו ביעור, אף כרם רבעי יש לו חומש ויש לו ביעור. ובית שמאי לא ילפי קודש קודש ממעשר:
יש לו פרט ויש לו עוללות. דכחולין חשבי ליה:
והעניים פודין לעצמן. הפרט והעוללות שלקטו, ואוכלין אותן במקומן ומעלין הדמים לירושלים:
ובית הלל אומרים כולו לגת. משום דילפי ממעשר, וסבירא להו מעשר שני ממון גבוה הוא, הלכך אין לעניים חלק בו, ודורכים העוללות עם שאר היין, והבעלים מעלין הכל לירושלים:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
לגפה (this Mishnah is also taught in Tractate Peah, Chapter 6, Mishnah 2) – a fence of stones set up one on top of the other without plaster.
ולכלים – the utensil of the plough
ב"ש אומרים אינו שכחה – The dispute of the Schools of Shammai and Hillel regarding sheaves that taken possession of to be brought into the city and he placed it at the side of the wall or on the side of the stack and forgot it there. For the School of Shammai states that it is not something forgotten, for he merited it. But the School of Hillel states that it is something forgotten. Another interpretation: The School of Shammai states that it is [not] something forgotten, even sheaves that were taken possession of as such at all, it is not something forgotten, for since he placed them at some specific thing that he would in the future remember it. But the School of Hillel states that it is something forgotten all the while that he didn’t take possession of them. But the School of Hillel admits that if he took possession of them and afterwards forgot it, it is not something forgotten