Eduyos 4:2 - 4:3

הכל מודים שהוא מותרת – for it known that the fetus completed its months.

ואפרוח שיצא – everyone admits/agrees that it is prohibited because of the moving creatures of the birds.

השוחט חיה ועוף (this part of the Mishnah is also taught in Tractate Betzah, Chapter 1, Mishnah 2) – who comes to slaughter beasts and fowl on Holy Days and they took counsel in the Jewish court how one might do this.

ב"ש אומרים – The Jewish court teaches him that he may slaughter [the animal] ab initio and dig with a mattock/pronged-tool stuck into the ground that he has while it is still daylight, that is to say, he should from the place where it is stuck and bring up dirt and cover it (i.e., the blood]. And we are speaking of that which is stuck in crushed/loose earth that is suitable for covering which is not lacking crushing/pounding.

דקר – a peg which we stick into the ground; the language of (Numbers 25:8): “[He followed the Israelite into the chamber] and stabbed both of them…”

שאפר כירה מוכן הוא – it does not refer to the matters of the Schools of Shammai and Hillel but rather it is an independent matter of its own and this is how it should be understood: the ashes of the stove may be regarded as set in readiness. And it is not taught that it was heated from the Eve of the Holy Day, but if it was heated on the Holy Day, it is prohibited as we cannot say that from the day before, our mind was upon it. And if it is appropriate to roast an egg in it, for still there are hot ashes/embers, it is permitted to cover it. Since one can turn it over to roast it an egg, we can take it also and cover it.

הבקר לעניים הבקר (this Mishnah is also taught in Tractate Peah, Chapter 6, Mishnah 1)– he who renounced ownership for the poor but not for the rich, the law of renunciation applies to him, and he is not liable for gleanings, forgotten produce, the corner or the field nor for tithes, as it is written (Leviticus 19:10): ”[You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard;] you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger…” What is the meaning of “you shall leave them?” It teaches about another form of leaving, that is renunciation of ownership like this, just as it is for the poor and not for the rich, so renunciation of ownership is for the poor and not for the rich.

עד שיפקיר אף לעשירים כשמטה – as it is written (Exodus 23:11): “But in the seventh you shall let it rest and lie fallow…” What does it mean “and lie fallow?” It comes to teach on another form of lying fallow, that is, a renunciation of ownership which is like the Seventh year. Just as the Seventh year is for the poor and for the rich, so too, renunciation of ownership is for the poor and for the rich.

כל עומרי השדה של קב קב – if each of all the sheaves in the field were one kab, and one was four kabim and he forgot that one, that is forgetting. More than this, it is not forgetting, and similarly, if all the sheaves were two kabs and one was eight kabs and he forgot it, that is also forgetfulness. More than this is not forgetfulness.