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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Horayos 2:1 - 2:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, July 9, 2025 is Horayos 2:1 - 2:2

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Horayos Perek 2 Mishnah 1

הוריות פרק ב׳ משנה א׳

1
In a case where an anointed priest, i.e., the High Priest, issued an erroneous ruling for himself permitting performance of an action prohibited by Torah law, if he issued the ruling unwittingly and then unwittingly performed the transgression in accordance with his ruling, he is liable to bring a bull as a sin-offering for an unwitting transgression by the anointed priest. If he issued the ruling unwittingly, and performed the transgression intentionally, or if he issued the ruling intentionally and performed the transgression unwittingly, he is exempt from liability to bring any offering, as there is a principle: The legal status of the ruling of an anointed priest for himself is like that of the ruling of the court for the general public. Therefore, the High Priest is liable to bring the bull as a sin-offering for his unwitting transgression in a case when the court would be liable to bring the bull as a communal sin-offering for an unwitting transgression performed by the general public.
הוֹרָה כֹהֵן מָשִׁיחַ לְעַצְמוֹ, שׁוֹגֵג וְעָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג, מֵבִיא פָר. שׁוֹגֵג וְעָשָׂה מֵזִיד, מֵזִיד וְעָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג, פָּטוּר, שֶׁהוֹרָאַת כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ לְעַצְמוֹ, כְהוֹרָאַת בֵּית דִּין לַצִּבּוּר:
א׳

An anointed priest who rendered a decision – A high priest who was anointed with the anointing oil ruled on a leniency for himself and acted by himself on a matter whose transgression is liable with “karet.”

הורה כהן משיח. כהן גדול המשוח בשמן המשחה הורה היתר לעצמו ועשה מעשה בעצמו בדבר שחייבים על זדונו כרת:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Horayos Perek 2 Mishnah 2

הוריות פרק ב׳ משנה ב׳

2
If the anointed priest issued a ruling by himself and performed a transgression by himself, he achieves atonement by himself by bringing a bull as his sin-offering. If he issued a ruling with the general public, i.e., the Sanhedrin, and performed a transgression with the general public, i.e., the Jewish people, he achieves atonement with the general public. As, the court is not liable unless the judges issue a ruling to nullify part of a commandment and to sustain part of that commandment, and likewise with regard to the ruling of the anointed priest. And the court and the priest are not liable for a ruling with regard to idol worship unless they issue a ruling to nullify part of that commandment and to sustain part of it.
הוֹרָה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְעָשָׂה בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, מִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. הוֹרָה עִם הַצִּבּוּר וְעָשָׂה עִם הַצִּבּוּר, מִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ עִם הַצִּבּוּר, שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין חַיָּבִים עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיֵּם מִקְצָת, וְכֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וְלֹא בַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹרוּ לְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת וּלְקַיֵּם מִקְצָת:
ב׳

He makes his atonement alone - He alone must bring a bull for a sin-offering.

If he rendered his ruling together with [the court of] the congregation – He was a member of the Sanhedrin that ruled in error.

He makes his atonement together with the congregation – With the congregation’s bull for an error-in-judgment (para ha’elem davar) sacrifice and is not obligated to bring any other sacrifice. It would have occurred to you that I might say that on Yom Kippur he does not atone with the congregation, as it is written (Leviticus 16), “and shall kill the bullock of the sin-offering which is for himself,” so too he will need to bring his own sacrifice; here it teaches us that he does not. He derives it from the Torah (Leviticus 4), “on the sin which he sinned.” For a sin that is unique to him he brings his own sacrifice, but for a sin that is not unique to him he does not bring his own sacrifice.

For the court is not liable – I.e., the law is that the high priest atones with the congregation, that the beit din is not liable, etc. but that the high priest is. It follows that the high priest is equal to the beit din on all matters. If he issued a ruling for the congregation he is equal to them and must atone with the congregation.

Nor [are they liable] for idolatry unless they ruled to annul the law in part – As it is written about all the other commandments (Leviticus 4), “the thing being hidden from the eyes of the congregation.” And about idol worship it is written (Numbers 15), “If it be hidden from their eyes . . .”, in all the commandments the matter will be hidden but not from the entire body, so too with idol workshop it will be hidden [from the eyes] and not from the whole body.

מתכפר לו בפני עצמו. חייב להביא פר בפני עצמו:

הורה עם הצבור. שהיה הוא אחד מן הסנהדרין ששגגו בהוראה:

מתכפר לו עם הצבור. בפר העלם דבר של צבור, ואינו צריך קרבן אחר. דסלקא דעתך אמינא כי היכי דביוה״כ אין מתכפר עם הצבור, דהא כתיב (ויקרא ט״ז:י״א) ושחט את פר החטאת אשר לו, הכא נמי יהיה צריך קרבן בפני עצמו, קמשמע לן דלא. ונפקא לן מקרא דכתיב (שם ד׳) על חטאתו אשר חטא, בחטא המיוחד לו מביא קרבן בפני עצמו, ובחטא שאינו מיוחד לו אינו מביא קרבן בפני עצמו:

שאין בית דין חייבים. כלומר, דין הוא שהמשיח מתכפר עם הצבור, שהרי אין בית דין חייבין וכו׳ וכן המשיח, אלמא הושוה המשיח לבית דין בכל עניניו, א״כ כשהורה עם הצבור דין הוא שיהיה שוה לצבור ויתכפר עם הצבור:

ולא בעבודה זרה עד שיורו לבטל מקצת. לפי שנאמר בשאר מצות (ויקרא ד׳:י״ג) ונעלם דבר מעיני הקהל, ונאמר בעבודה זרה (במדבר ט״ו:כ״ד) והיה אם מעיני העדה וגו׳, מה בשאר מצות ונעלם דבר ולא כל הגוך, אף בעבודה זרה דבר ולא כל הגוף:

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