Today's Mishnah Yomi
Shevuos 1:6 - 1:7
The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, February 12, 2025 is Shevuos 1:6 - 1:7
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 1 Mishnah 6
שבועות פרק א׳ משנה ו׳
And for the intentional defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, both the goat whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary on Yom Kippur, and Yom Kippur itself, atone. The mishna delineates how atonement is effected for other transgressions: For all other transgressions that are stated in the Torah, whether they are the minor ones or the major ones, whether they were intentional or unwitting, whether one became aware of them before Yom Kippur or did not become aware of them until after Yom Kippur, whether they involve a positive mitzva or a prohibition, whether the transgressors are subject to excision from the World-to-Come [karet] or to one of the court-imposed death penalties, the scapegoat sent to Azazel on Yom Kippur atones.
וְעַל זְדוֹן טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו, שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִפְנִים וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפְּרִין. וְעַל שְׁאָר עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, הַקַּלּוֹת וְהַחֲמוּרוֹת, הַזְּדוֹנוֹת וְהַשְּׁגָגוֹת, הוֹדַע וְלֹא הוֹדַע, עֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, כְּרֵתוֹת וּמִיתוֹת בֵּית דִּין, שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ מְכַפֵּר:
Bartenura
ועל זדון טומאת מקדש וכו׳ סתמא דתלמודא נקיט לה:
שעיר הנעשה בפנים ויוה״כ מכפר. דכתיב (ויקרא ט״ז:ט״ז) ומפשעיהם לכל חטאתם, ופשעים אלו מרדים:
החמורות והקלות וכו׳ כולה מתניתין מפרשה בגמרא הכי, בין קלות בין חמורות בין שעשאן במזיד בין שעשאן בשוגג, אותן שעשאן בשוגג בין נודע לו ספיקן בין לא נודע לו ספיקן, כלומר בין נודע לו שבא לידו ספק חלב ואכלו בין שלא נודע לו שבא לידו ספק חלב. ואלו הן קלות, עשה ולא תעשה. ואלו הן חמורות, כריתות ומיתות ב״ד:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 1 Mishnah 7
שבועות פרק א׳ משנה ז׳
Israelites and priests and the anointed priest, i.e., the High Priest, achieve atonement from the scapegoat equally. What is the difference between Israelites, priests, and the anointed priest? The difference is only that the priests achieve atonement for their defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods through the bull that the High Priest offers on Yom Kippur, whereas the Israelites achieve atonement for defiling caused by them through the goats that are sacrificed on Yom Kippur. Rabbi Shimon says: With regard to the defiling of the Temple or its sacrificial foods, just as the blood of the goat, whose blood presentation is performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for Israelites, so too, the blood of the bull of the High Priest, whose blood presentation is also performed inside the Sanctuary, atones for the priests. And for all other transgressions, just as the confession made over the scapegoat atones for Israelites, so too, the confession made over the bull atones for the priests.
אֶחָד יִשְׂרְאֵלִים, וְאֶחָד כֹּהֲנִים, וְאֶחָד כֹּהֵן מָשׁוּחַ. מַה בֵּין יִשְׂרְאֵלִים לְכֹהֲנִים וּלְכֹהֵן מָשׁוּחַ, אֶלָּא שֶׁדַּם הַפָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁדַּם הַשָּׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִפְנִים מְכַפֵּר עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, כָּךְ דַּם הַפָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁוִּדּוּיוֹ שֶׁל שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ מְכַפֵּר עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, כָּךְ וִדּוּיוֹ שֶׁל פָּר מְכַפֵּר עַל הַכֹּהֲנִים:
Bartenura
אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים – this is what he said: [It effects atonement all the same] whether one is an Israelite or whether one is a Kohen or whether one is an anointed priest, the goat that is sent away atones in the rest of the sins and there is no distinction between them.
אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו – all that the inner goat expiates for the Jewish people (i.e., non-Kohanim), meaning/it is identical with the suspense/doubt of the Israelites depend upon an awareness [of sin] at the beginning but there isn’t awareness at the end, and willful defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, and similarly the atonement of the outer goat, the bullock of the High Priest that is sacrificed on Yom Kippur which atones for the Kohanim.
רבי שמעון אומר כשם – that you admit regarding the blood of the inner goat that atones for the Israelites, an expiation without confession, for there is no confession regarding the inner goat, other than the goat which is sent away, so too, the blood of the bullock without any confession atones for the Kohanim on their defilement of the Sanctuary and its Holy Things, one adds for him his confessions of the bullock in place of the confession of the goat that is sent away to expiate for the Kohanim with the rest of the sins, for they have no atonement with the goat that is sent away.
אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים. הכי קאמר, אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים ואחד כהן משוח מתכפרים בשעיר המשתלח בשאר עבירות, ואין חילוק ביניהם:
אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו. כל מה ששעיר הפנימי מכפר על ישראל, דהיינו תליית ישראל על שיש בה ידיעה בתחלה ואין בה ידיעה בסוף וזדון טומאת מקדש וקדשיו, וכן כפרת שעיר החיצון פרו של כהן גדול הקרב ביוה״כ מכפר על הכהנים:
ר״ש אומר כשם. שאתה מודה בדם השעיר הפנימי שמכפר על ישראל כפרתו בלא שום וידוי, שאין וידוי בשעיר הפנימי אלא בשעיר המשתלח, כך דם הפר בלא שום וידוי מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו. אייתר ליה וידויו של פר במקום וידוי של שעיר המשתלח לכפר על הכהנים בשאר עבירות, ואין להם כפרה בשעיר המשתלח:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
ועל זדון טומאת מקדש וכו' – the anonymous section of the Talmud took this.
שעיר הנעשה בפנים ויום הכפורים מכפרים – as it is written (Leviticus 16:21): “and transgressions of the Israelites, whatever their sins, [putting them on the head of the goat.” But the transgressions are the rebellious acts (as opposed to sins of passion).
החמורות והקלות וכו' – Our entire Mishnah is explained in the Gemara in the following manner (Tractate Shevuot 12b): whether minor or serious whether the act were perpetrated willfully or inadvertently, those that were done inadvertently, whether he was aware of the doubt concerning them or not aware of the doubt, meaning to say, whether he was aware that there came to his hand something that was doubtfully forbidden fat and he ate it, whether he did not know that something was doubtfully forbidden fat. And which are the minor [transgressions], whether they are positive or negative commandments, and which are the stringent cases, for extirpation or death at the hands of the Jewish court [The goat that is sent away provides atonement].