Today's Mishnah Yomi
Avodah Zarah 4:8 - 4:9
The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, May 5, 2025 is Avodah Zarah 4:8 - 4:9
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Avodah Zarah Perek 4 Mishnah 8
עבודה זרה פרק ד׳ משנה ח׳
One may purchase from a gentile a winepress in which the grapes have been trodden on, despite the fact that the gentile takes grapes in his hand from the winepress and places them on the pile that remains to be trodden on. And the gentile’s touch does not render the juice of the grapes wine used for a libation in idol worship, which is forbidden, until it descends into the collection vat, because until then it does not have the status of wine. Once the wine descended into the collection vat, that which is in the vat is prohibited, and the rest, which did not yet descend into the vat, is permitted.
לוֹקְחִין גַּת בְּעוּטָה מִן הַגּוֹי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל בְּיָדוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לַתַּפּוּחַ. וְאֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה יֵין נֶסֶךְ, עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד לַבּוֹר. יָרַד לַבּוֹר, מַה שֶּׁבַּבּוֹר אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר:
Bartenura
גת בעוטה. שבעטה ודרכה נכרי:
אע״פ שהוא נוטל בידו. ענבים מתוך היין. ונותן לתפוח. מקום אסיפת הענבים העשוי כמין גל קרוי תפוח, וסבר תנא דידן דאינו נעשה יין נסך עד שירד לבור. וזו משנה ראשונה היא ואין הלכה. אלא כיון שהתחיל היין להמשך, נעשה יין נסך:
מה שבבור אסור. אם יגע בו נכרי אחרי כן:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Avodah Zarah Perek 4 Mishnah 9
עבודה זרה פרק ד׳ משנה ט׳
One may tread on grapes together with the gentile in the winepress, but one may not harvest grapes with him. After the harvest the grapes are brought to the winepress, which is ritually impure. This would render the grapes impure, and it is prohibited to render produce of Eretz Yisrael impure. In the case of a Jew who produces his wine in a state of ritual impurity, one may not tread on grapes nor harvest them with him, as it is prohibited to assist transgressors. But once he has produced his wine, one may take the barrels to the winepress with him, as the wine is already impure. And one may also bring the barrels from the winepress together with him. Similarly, in the case of a baker who makes his bread in a state of ritual impurity, one may not knead or arrange the dough in the shape of bread together with him, so as not to assist in a transgression. But one may take the bread with him to the bread merchant [lapalter].
דּוֹרְכִין עִם הַגּוֹי בַּגַּת, אֲבָל לֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא דוֹרְכִין וְלֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ חָבִיּוֹת לַגַּת, וּמְבִיאִין עִמּוֹ מִן הַגָּת. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא לָשִׁין וְלֹא עוֹרְכִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ פַת לַפַּלְטֵר:
Bartenura
דורכין עם העכו"ם בגת – and we don’t say that he is making a living with what is prohibited from deriving benefit, for this Tanna/thinks [that even] with drinking, it is permitted as long as he doesn’t go down into the cistern. But there isn’t anything concerning causing ritual defilement for from the time when the idolater treads upon them [a little bit], they were ritually defiled, so it is found that the Israelite did not cause the ritual defilement.
אבל לא בוצרין עמו – because he places them into a ritually impure vat for wine pressing. For the idolater defiles the grapes through his contact and the Israelite who cuts with him causes ritual defilement. But this Tanna/teacher holds that it is forbidden to cause ritual defilement for non-holy produce that is in the Land of Israel, even if they belong to the idolater. But the Halakha is not according to this Mishnah for we hold that since the wine began to be drawn, it became libation wine, therefore, we do not tread with the idolater in the vat for wine pressing. And we hold that it is permissible to cause ritual from produce, there is nothing in this. But however, an Israelite who harvests his vineyard ab initio, the idolater should not take with him, even to bring the grapes to the vat, because we say, “go around Nazirite, etc. (that you may not come near the vineyard” – see Numbers Rabbah 6:10).
וישראל העושה פירותיו בטומאה – he commits a sin because he defiles the Priest’s Due and Tithes that are within them. Therefore, it is forbidden to assist him in order that he become accustomed to this.
אבל מוליכין עמו – an empty barrel to the vat, and he brings it with him filled barrels from the winepress, for what has happened has happened for after they have been ritually defiled, it is permissible to put the wine in impure barrels.
דורכין עם הגוי בגת. ולא אמרינן משתכר באיסורי הנאה הוא, דאפילו בשתיה סבר האי תנא דשרי כל זמן שלא ירד לבור. ומשום גורם טומאה ליכא, שמשעה שדרך בהם הנכרי מעט, נטמאו. ונמצא שאין הישראל גורם טומאה:
אבל לא בוצרין עמו. לפי שנותנם בגת טמאה, והנכרי מטמא הענבים במגעו, והישראל הבוצר עמו גורם טומאה. וסבר האי תנא אסור לגרום טומאה לחולין שבארץ ישראל ואפילו הם של נכרי. ואין הלכה כמשנה זו, דקיי״ל כיון שהתחיל היין להמשך נעשה יין נסך, הלכך אין דורכין עם העכו״ם בגת. וקיי״ל מותר לגרום טומאה לחולין שבארץ ישראל כשהחולין הם של נכרי, הלכך בוצרין עם הנכרי, ואע״פ שגורם טומאה לחולין אין בכך כלום. ומיהו ישראל הבוצר כרמו לכתחלה לא יקח נכרי עמו אפילו להביא ענבים לגת, משום לך לך אמרין נזירא כו׳:
וישראל העושה פירותיו בטומאה. עובר עבירה הוא, לפי שהוא מטמא התרומות והמעשרות שבהם. הלכך אסור לסייעו, כדי שלא יהא רגיל בכך:
אבל מוליכין עמו. חבית ריקניות לגת. ומביאין עמו, חביות מלאות מן הגת. דמאי דהוה הוה, מאחר שנטמאו מותר ליתן היין בחביות טמאות:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
גת בעוטה – that the idolater had trampled and stamped.
אע"פ שהוא נוטל בידו – grapes from the wine and place them on the pile (i.e., the place on the altar where the ashes are piled up), the place of the gathering of the grapes that is made like a heap that is called תפוח/grape-heap, and our Tanna/teacher holds that it does not become libation wine until it flows down to the cistern and according to the hour, he becomes excited and returns and worships it. But this is the earliest version of the Mishnah and it is not Halakha, but rather, since the wine began to be drawn, it became libation wine.
מה שבבור אסור – if an idolater would come in contact with it afterwards.