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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Zevachim 13:1 - 13:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, August 27, 2025 is Zevachim 13:1 - 13:2

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 13 Mishnah 1

זבחים פרק י"ג משנה א׳

1
One who slaughters an offering outside the Temple courtyard and one who offers it up outside the Temple courtyard is liable for the slaughter and liable for the offering up, as each act involves an independent prohibition. If done intentionally, he is liable to receive excision from the World-to-Come [karet] for each act, and if done unwittingly, he is liable to bring a sin offering for each act. Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: If he slaughtered an offering inside the courtyard and then offered it up outside the courtyard, he is liable. But if he slaughtered it outside, thereby rendering it unfit, and then he offered it up outside, he is exempt for the offering up, as he offered up only an item that is unfit, and one is liable only for offering up an item that is fit to be offered up inside the Temple. The Rabbis said to him: According to your reasoning, even in a case where he slaughters it inside and offers it up outside, he should be exempt, since the moment that he took it outside the courtyard, he thereby rendered it unfit. Yet, in such a case, he is certainly liable for offering it up. So too, one who slaughters an offering outside and then offers it up outside is liable.
הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְהַמַּעֲלֶה בַחוּץ, חַיָּב עַל הַשְּׁחִיטָה וְחַיָּב עַל הָעֲלִיָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, שָׁחַט בִּפְנִים וְהֶעֱלָה בַחוּץ, חַיָּב. שָׁחַט בַּחוּץ וְהֶעֱלָה בַחוּץ, פָּטוּר, שֶׁלֹּא הֶעֱלָה בַחוּץ אֶלָּא דָבָר פָּסוּל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַשּׁוֹחֵט בִּפְנִים וּמַעֲלֶה בַחוּץ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוֹצִיאוֹ, פְּסָלוֹ:
א׳

השוחט –[He who ritually slaughters] Holy Things outside [of the Temple courtyard] and offered them up outside [the Temple courtyard]. In one act of forgetfulness [inadvertently]. He is liable [for a sin-offering] for the ritual slaughtering and he is liable [for a sin-offering] on the offering up, for they are two essential parts of the sin for both of them are written [in the Torah] (Leviticus 17:3): “[if anyone of the house of Israel] אשר ישחט/slaughters [an ox or sheep of goat in the camp, or does so outside the camp],” and (Leviticus 17:8): “[If anyone of the house of Israel or of the strangers who reside among them] אשר – יעלה /offers [a burnt offering or a sacrifice].”

כיון שהוציאו פסלו –[because he took it outside, he has invalidated it] but nevertheless, he is liable. And the same law applies to the individual who slaughters it outside [the Temple courtyard] and offers it up outside [the Temple courtyard]. And Rabbi Yossi Haglili said to you, just as the person who slaughters it inside [the Temple courtyard] and offered up outside [the Temple courtyard] for he had a period of time when it was fit for use, shall you say to the person who slaughters it outside [the Temple courtyard] and offers it up outside [the Temple courtyard] that he didn’t have a period of time when it was fit for use? But the Halakah is not according to Rabbi Yossi Haglili.

השוחט. קדשים בחוץ והעלן בחוץ. בהעלם אחד. חייב על השחיטה וחייב על ההעלאה. שהן שני גופי עבירה, דתרוייהו כתיבי אשר ישחט ואשר יעלה:

כיון שהוציאו פסלו. ואפילו הכי חייב, והוא הדין לשוחט בחוץ ומעלה בחוץ. ור׳ יוסי הגלילי אמר לך, מה לשוחט בפנים ומעלה בחוץ שכן היתה לו שעת הכושר, תאמר לשוחט בחוץ ומעלה בחוץ שלא היתה לו שעת הכושר. ואין הלכה כר׳ יוסי הגלילי:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 13 Mishnah 2

זבחים פרק י"ג משנה ב׳

2
One who is ritually impure who ate sacrificial food, whether it was ritually impure sacrificial food or ritually pure sacrificial food, is liable to receive karet if he did so intentionally and to bring a sliding-scale offering if he did so unwittingly. Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: An impure person who ate pure sacrificial food is liable. But an impure person who ate impure sacrificial food is exempt, as he merely ate an impure item, and the prohibition against eating sacrificial food while one is impure applies only to pure sacrificial food. The Rabbis said to him: According to your logic, this halakha would apply even in a case of an impure person who ate what had been pure sacrificial food, because once he touched it, he thereby rendered it ritually impure. Yet, in such a case, he is certainly liable for eating it. So too, an impure person who ate impure sacrificial food is liable. And a pure person who ate impure sacrificial food is exempt, as one is liable for eating sacrificial food in impurity only due to the impurity of one’s body, but not due to the impurity of the food.
טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל, בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ טָמֵא וּבֵין קֹדֶשׁ טָהוֹר, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל טָהוֹר, חַיָּב. וְטָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל טָמֵא, פָּטוּר, שֶׁלֹּא אָכַל אֶלָּא דָבָר טָמֵא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל טָהוֹר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ, טִמְּאָהוּ. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁאָכַל טָמֵא, פָּטוּר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב אֶלָּא עַל טֻמְאַת הַגּוּף:
ב׳

טמא שאכל כו' – because Rabbi Yossi Haglili and the Rabbis disagree on both of them and these two disputes are similar to each other, they taught them [in the Mishnah] together.

רבי יוסי הגלילי אומר וכו' – when the body became ritually defiled and afterwards the meat became ritually defiled, no one disagrees that he is liable for extirpation. What they do dispute is when the meat [first] becomes ritually defiled and afterwards the body becomes defiled. The Rabbis have an inclusive prohibition (i.e., an exception to the principle that one prohibition does not take effect upon another; the second prohibition takes effect if it is a more comprehensive prohibition), for since the prohibition of the Levitical uncleanness of the body occurs upon it, it also prohibits the pure meat that was permitted from the outside, it also occurs even on the ritually impure meat, and even though it was continually prohibited, in order to make him liable even because of the Levitical uncleanness of the body. But Rabbi Yossi Haglili does not hold that one prohibition can take a legal hold where another prohibition already exists (i.e., you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation only for the first one) with a comprehensive prohibition, and the prohibition of ritual defilement of the body does not occur on the prohibition of the ritual defilement of the meat. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi Haglili.

והטהור שאכל טמא פטור – from extirpation. But he endures forty [minus one] lashes because of (Leviticus 7:19): “Flesh that touches anything impure shall not be eaten; [it shall be consumed in fire. As for other flesh, only he who is pure may eat such flesh].”

שאינו חייב אלא על טומאת הגוף – as it is written (Leviticus 7:20): “ [But the person who], in a state of impurity, [eats flesh from the LOD’s sacrifice of well-being,] that person shall be cut off from his kin,” This verse is speaking of Levitical uncleanness of the body.

הטמא שאכל כו׳. משום דפליגי ר׳ יוסי הגלילי ורבנן בתרוייהו ודמו הנך תרתי פלוגתא אהדדי, תנינהו גבי הדדי:

רבי יוסי הגלילי אומר וכו׳. כשנטמא הגוף ואחר כך נטמא הבשר כולי עלמא לא פליגי דחייב כרת. כי פליגי, שנטמא הבשר ואחר כך נטמא הגוף, רבנן אית להו איסור כולל, דמתוך שחל עליו איסור טומאת הגוף לאסרו בבשר טהור שהיה מותר בו מתחלה, חל נמי אף על הבשר טמא ואע״פ שהיה אסור ועומד, כדי שיתחייב עליו אף משום טומאת הגוף. ור׳ יוסי הגלילי לית ליה איסור חל על איסור באיסור כולל ואין איסור של טומאת הגוף חל על איסור של טומאת בשר. ואין הלכה כר׳ יוסי הגלילי:

וטהור שאכל טמא פטור. מן הכרת. וסופג את הארבעים משום (ויקרא ז׳:י״ט) והבשר אשר יגע בכל טמא לא יאכל:

שאינו חייב אלא על טומאת הגוף. כדכתיב (שם) וטומאתו עליו ונכרתה, בטומאת הגוף הכתוב מדבר:

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