Today's Mishnah Yomi
Shevuos 3:10 - 3:11
The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, February 20, 2025 is Shevuos 3:10 - 3:11
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 3 Mishnah 10
שבועות פרק ג׳ משנה י׳
As opposed to the halakhot of an oath of testimony, which will be discussed in the following chapter, the halakhot of an oath on an utterance apply to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to testify and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, i.e., when one takes an oath on his own, at his own initiative. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering.
שְׁבוּעַת בִּטּוּי נוֹהֶגֶת בַּאֲנָשִׁים וּבְנָשִׁים, בִּרְחוֹקִים וּבִקְרוֹבִים, בִּכְשֵׁרִים וּבִפְסוּלִין, בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ. וְחַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ מַכּוֹת וְעַל שִׁגְגָתָהּ קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד:
Bartenura
באנשים ובנשים. איידי דבעי למתני שבועת העדות נוהגת באנשים ולא בנשים כו׳ תנא בשבועת ביטוי שנוהגת בכל אלו:
ברחוקים ובקרובים. כגון שאתן לפלוני. בין רחוק בין קרוב:
בכשרים ובפסולים. בכשר לעדות ופסול:
מפי עצמו. שהוציא הוא שבועה מפיו. אבל אם השביעוהו אחרים אכלת ולא אכלת, ואמר לא אכלתי ואכל או להיפך. פטור אם לא ענה אמן. ואם ענה אמן אחר שהשביעו חבירו, הוי כנשבע מפי עצמו וחייב:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 3 Mishnah 11
שבועות פרק ג׳ משנה י"א
Liability for an oath taken in vain applies to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to bear witness and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, and also when one takes an oath on his own. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is exempt. With regard to both this, an oath on an utterance, and that, an oath taken in vain, even if he is administered the oath by others, he is liable. For example, if one said: If I did not eat today, or: I did not don phylacteries today, and another said to him: I administer an oath to you that your statement is true, and the former said: Amen, he is liable if the statement was false.
שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא נוֹהֶגֶת בַּאֲנָשִׁים וּבְנָשִׁים, בִּרְחוֹקִים וּבִקְרוֹבִים, בִּכְשֵׁרִים וּבִפְסוּלִים, בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, וּמִפִּי עַצְמוֹ. וְחַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ מַכּוֹת וְעַל שִׁגְגָתָהּ פָּטוּר. אַחַת זוֹ, וְאַחַת זוֹ, הַמֻּשְׁבָּע מִפִּי אֲחֵרִים, חַיָּב. כֵּיצַד. אָמַר, לֹא אָכַלְתִּי הַיּוֹם וְלֹא הֵנָחְתִּי תְפִלִּין הַיּוֹם, מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי, וְאָמַר אָמֵן, חַיָּב:
Bartenura
שבועת שוא, ברחוקים ובקרובים – he swears concerning a man that he is a woman, whether he is not related or whether he is related.
אחת זו ואחת זו – the oath taken in vain/false oath and the oath of testimony are one and the same, if others forced him to take an oath he is liable if he responded, “Amen.”
שבועת שוא כו׳ ברחוקים ובקרובים. נשבע על איש שהוא אשה, בין רחוק בין קרוב:
אחת זו ואחת זו. אחת שבועת שוא ואחת שבועת ביטוי, מושבע מפי אחרים חייב בדעני אמן:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
באנשים ובנשים – since it was necessary to teach [in the Mishnah] that the oath of testimony (i.e., that witnesses have information supporting his case and the plaintiff requests that they testify on his behalf, and they refuse, and deny that they have this information, they have to take an oath to this effect) applies to men and not to women, etc. (see Tractate Shevuot, Chapter 4, Mishnayot 1-4), it teaches that the oath of a statement/rash oath that applies to all of these (i.e., both men and women, etc.).
ברחוקים ובקרובים – as, for example, I will give to so-and-so, whether he is not related or is related.
בכשרים ובקרובים – with someone who is fit to give testimony and t one who is unfit/ineligible.
מפי עצמו – that he himself uttered an oath from his own mouth, but if others made him swear that he ate but he didn’t eat, and he said, “I will not eat” but he ate or the reverse, he is exempt if he did not respond “Amen.” But if he responded “Amen,” after his fellow made him take an oath, it is as if he swore out of his own mouth.