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Perek 3

Mishnayos Sukkah Perek 3 Mishnah 12

סוכה פרק ג׳ משנה י"ב

12
Originally, during the Temple era, the lulav was taken in the Temple for seven days, and in the rest of the country outside the Temple it was taken for one day. Once the Temple was destroyed, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai instituted an ordinance that the lulav should be taken even in the rest of the country for seven days, in commemoration of the Temple. And for similar reasons, he instituted an ordinance that for the entire day of waving the omer offering, it should be prohibited to eat the grain of the new crop. It is prohibited to eat the grain of the new crop until the omer offering is brought and waved in the Temple on the sixteenth of Nisan. The offering was sacrificed in the morning; however, after taking potential delays into consideration, the new crop remained prohibited until it was clear that the offering had been sacrificed. Practically speaking, it was prohibited to eat the new grain until the sixteenth of Nisan was over; it was permitted only on the seventeenth. Once the Temple was destroyed and there was no longer an omer offering sacrificed, it was permitted to eat the new crop on the sixteenth. However, Rabban Yoḥanan instituted an ordinance that eating the new grain would remain prohibited until the seventeenth to commemorate the Temple.

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיָה לוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ שִׁבְעָה, וּבַמְּדִינָה יוֹם אֶחָד. מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הִתְקִין רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי שֶׁיְּהֵא לוּלָב נִטָּל בַּמְּדִינָה שִׁבְעָה, זֵכֶר לַמִּקְדָשׁ. וְשֶׁיְּהֵא יוֹם הָנֵף כֻּלּוֹ אָסוּר:

י"ב

במקדש שבעה – as we expound (Leviticus 23:40): “[and you shall rejoice] before the LORD your God seen days” but not outside of Jerusalem for seven days.

במדינה – in Jerusalem, and even though it is like that which is outside of Jesrusalem in this matter.

ושיה יום הנף – of the Omer, that is on the sixteenth day of Nisan.

כולו אסור – and at the time when the Temple existed, when they offered the Omer [sacrifice], they would eat new [grain] on that selfsame day, as it is written (Leviticus 23:14): “until you have brought [the offering of your God].” But, when the Temple had been destroyed, it is permitted from the Torah [to eat new grain] from when the sun rose in the East, as we say: One verse says (ibid.): “Until that very day,” for it implies, when the sun rose in the East, and another verse states, “until you have brought” (ibid.); at the time when there isn’t Omer “until that very day.” But Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai prohibited [new grain] the entire day, because speedily, the Temple should be rebuilt, and people will say that last year, did we not eat from when the sun rose in the east, and now also, we should eat.

במקדש שבעה. כדדרשינן לפני ה׳ אלהיכם שבעת ימים, ולא בגבולין שבעת ימים:

במדינה. בירושלים, שאף היא כגבולים לענין זה:

ושיהא יום הנף. של עומר, דהיינו יום ט״ז בניסן:

כולו אסור. ובזמן שבית המקדש קיים משקרב העומר היו אוכלים חדש בו ביום דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ג) עד הביאכם. וכשחרב בית המקדש מותר מן התורה משהאיר המזרח, דאמרינן כתוב אחד אומר (שם) עד עצם היום הזה, דמשמע משהאיר המזרח, וכתוב אחד אומר עד הביאכם, הא כיצד, בזמן דאיכא עומר עד הביאכם, בזמן דליכא עומר עד עצם היום. ואסר רבן יוחנן בן זכאי עליהם כל היום משום מהרה יבנה בית המקדש ויאמרו אשתקד מי לא הוה אכלינן משהאיר המזרח השתא נמי ניכול: