Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 3 Mishnah 10
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שבועות פרק ג׳ משנה י׳
As opposed to the halakhot of an oath of testimony, which will be discussed in the following chapter, the halakhot of an oath on an utterance apply to men and to women, to relatives and to non-relatives, to those who are fit to testify and to those who are disqualified, whether the oath is taken in the presence of a court or not in the presence of a court, i.e., when one takes an oath on his own, at his own initiative. And for violating an oath intentionally one is liable to receive lashes, and for doing so unwittingly he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering.
שְׁבוּעַת בִּטּוּי נוֹהֶגֶת בַּאֲנָשִׁים וּבְנָשִׁים, בִּרְחוֹקִים וּבִקְרוֹבִים, בִּכְשֵׁרִים וּבִפְסוּלִין, בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי בֵית דִּין, מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ. וְחַיָּבִין עַל זְדוֹנָהּ מַכּוֹת וְעַל שִׁגְגָתָהּ קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד:
Bartenura
באנשים ובנשים. איידי דבעי למתני שבועת העדות נוהגת באנשים ולא בנשים כו׳ תנא בשבועת ביטוי שנוהגת בכל אלו:
ברחוקים ובקרובים. כגון שאתן לפלוני. בין רחוק בין קרוב:
בכשרים ובפסולים. בכשר לעדות ופסול:
מפי עצמו. שהוציא הוא שבועה מפיו. אבל אם השביעוהו אחרים אכלת ולא אכלת, ואמר לא אכלתי ואכל או להיפך. פטור אם לא ענה אמן. ואם ענה אמן אחר שהשביעו חבירו, הוי כנשבע מפי עצמו וחייב:
באנשים ובנשים – since it was necessary to teach [in the Mishnah] that the oath of testimony (i.e., that witnesses have information supporting his case and the plaintiff requests that they testify on his behalf, and they refuse, and deny that they have this information, they have to take an oath to this effect) applies to men and not to women, etc. (see Tractate Shevuot, Chapter 4, Mishnayot 1-4), it teaches that the oath of a statement/rash oath that applies to all of these (i.e., both men and women, etc.).
ברחוקים ובקרובים – as, for example, I will give to so-and-so, whether he is not related or is related.
בכשרים ובקרובים – with someone who is fit to give testimony and t one who is unfit/ineligible.
מפי עצמו – that he himself uttered an oath from his own mouth, but if others made him swear that he ate but he didn’t eat, and he said, “I will not eat” but he ate or the reverse, he is exempt if he did not respond “Amen.” But if he responded “Amen,” after his fellow made him take an oath, it is as if he swore out of his own mouth.