Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 8 Mishnah 1
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נדרים פרק ח׳ משנה א׳
If one vows: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day at nightfall, and not for a twenty-four hour period. If one vows not to drink wine this week, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week. And as Shabbat is considered part of the week that passed, i.e., it is the end of the week, he is prohibited from drinking wine on the upcoming Shabbat. If one vows not to drink wine this month, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month; and as the New Moon of the following month is considered part of the next month, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine this year, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the year; and as Rosh HaShana is considered to be part of the upcoming year, not the current one, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine during this seven-year Sabbatical cycle, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the seven-year cycle; and as the Sabbatical Year is considered part of the cycle that passed, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the upcoming Sabbatical Year. All this applies if he said that he would not drink wine on this day or this week, but if he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, or one week, or one month, or one year, or one seven-year cycle, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day and time he took the vow to the same time the next day, or week, etc.
קוֹנָם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. שַׁבָּת זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה. חֹדֶשׁ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא. שָׁנָה זוֹ, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. שָׁבוּעַ זֶה, אָסוּר בְּכָל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה. וְאִם אָמַר יוֹם אֶחָד, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד, שָׁנָה אֶחָת, שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם:
Bartenura
קונם יין. עד שתחשך. שכן דרך לשון בני אדם, כשאומרים היום רוצים לומר עד השלמת היום:
שבת זו. היה עומד באמצע השבוע ואמר שבת זו אסור בכל השבוע:
והשבת לשעבר. ואסור נמי ביום השבת, כי הוא בכלל השבוע שעבר:
חודש זה אסור בכל החודש. אם עומד באמצע החודש ואמר חודש זה, אסור עד תשלום החודש, ויום ר״ח להבא, ומותר ביום ר״ח כי הוא נמנה עם החודש הבא, ואפילו היה ר״ח ביום שלשים לחודש שעבר. וכן שנה זו, אם עמד באמצע השנה ואמר שנה זו, אסור עד תשלום השנה, ומותר בר״ה שהוא נמנה עם השנה העתידה לבא:
שבוע זה. היה עומד באמצע השמיטה ואמר שבוע זה, אסור עד תשלום השמיטה, והשביעית בכלל שמיטה שעברה:
אם אמר יום אחד, שבת אחת, חודש אחד, שנה אחת, שבוע אחד, אסור מיום ליום. אם עומד באמצע היום ואומר יום אחד, אסור עד למחר כעת הזאת. וכן אם עומד בשמונה לחודש ואמר חודש עלי, אסור עד ח׳ לחודש הבא. וכן בשנה. וכן בשמיטה. וכן אם אמר קונם עלי יין יום סתם, או שבת, או חודש, או שנה סתם, אע״פ שלא אמר יום אחד, שבת אחת, חודש אחד, דינו מעת לעת. והאומר קונם עלי יין היום, אע״פ שהוא מותר כשתחשך, צריך שאלה לחכם, גזירה כשאמר היום שמא יבא להתיר כשיאמר יום סתם, דמיחלף ליה בין יום להיום, או בין שבת זו לשבת סתם. וכן כולם:
קונם יין עד שתחשך – for such is the manner of language of human beings, for when they say, “today,” they want to say until the completion of the day.
שבת זו – he would stand in the middle of the week, and say, “this week is forbidden” – for the entire week.
והשבת לשעבר – and he is also prohibited on the sabbath day, for it is in the category of the week that past.
חודש זה אסור בכל החודש – if he is standing in the middle of the month and said, “this month,” he forbidden until the completion of the month, and the day of Rosh Hodesh of the month ahead, but it is permitted on the day of Rosh Hodesh because it is counted with the next month, and even if Rosh Hodesh is on the thirtieth [day] of the previous month. And similarly, this year, if he stood in the middle of the year and stated, “this year,” it is forbidden until the completion of the year, but it is permitted on Rosh Hashanah which is counted with the year that will come in the future.
שבוע זה – he was standing in the middle of the Shmittah year and stated, “this seven-year cycle,” he is forbidden until the completion of the Shmittah, and the seventh year is included within the Shmittah year that had passed.
אם אמר יום אחד, שבת אחת, חודש אחד, שנה אחת, שבוע אחד אסור מיום ליום – if he is standing in the middle of the day and states “one day” he is forbidden until the morrow at this time. And similarly, if he is standing in the eighth [day] of the month and stated, “[KONAM] this month is upon me,” he is forbidden until the eighth [day] of the next month. And similarly, for a year. And similarly, in the Shmittah year. And similarly, if he said, “KONAM that wine is forbidden upon me for an unspecified day, or week, or month, or unspecified year, even though he did not say “one day,” “one week,” “one month,” the law is the time of twenty-four astronomical hours. But one who says “KONAM that wine [will be forbidden] upon me today,” even though he is permitted when it it gets dark, he requires a request made to a Sage [to be released from his vow], as a decree that when he stated “today,” lest he (i.e., the Sage) come [to release him from his vow], when he stated, an unspecified day, that he switched/exchanged between “the day” to “today,” or between this week to an unspecified week. And similarly, for all of them.