Mishnayos Menachos Perek 5 Mishnah 8
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מנחות פרק ה׳ משנה ח׳
One who takes a vow to bring a meal offering to the Temple and says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering prepared in a maḥavat, may not bring one prepared in a marḥeshet. Similarly, if he says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering prepared in a marḥeshet, he may not bring one prepared in a maḥavat. The mishna clarifies: What is the difference between a maḥavat and a marḥeshet? A marḥeshet has a cover, whereas a maḥavat does not have a cover; this is the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Gamliel says: A marḥeshet is deep, and due to the large amount of oil, its product is soft because it moves about [roḥashin] in the oil. A maḥavat is flat, as the sides of the pan are level with the pan, and due to the small amount of oil, its product is hard.
הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי בְּמַחֲבַת, לֹא יָבִיא בְמַרְחֶשֶׁת. בְּמַרְחֶשֶׁת, לֹא יָבִיא בְמַחֲבָת. וּמַה בֵּין מַחֲבַת לְמַרְחֶשֶׁת, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַמַּרְחֶשֶׁת יֶשׁ לָהּ כִּסּוּי, וְהַמַּחֲבַת אֵין לָהּ כִּסּוּי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מַרְחֶשֶׁת עֲמֻקָּה וּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ רוֹחֲשִׁים, וּמַחֲבַת צָפָה וּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ קָשִׁים:
Bartenura
מרחשת עמוקה. דכתיב (ויקרא ז׳) וכל נעשה במרחשת, בתוכה משמע, אלמא יש לה תוך:
ומעשיה רוחשין. שהשמן נע ונד בתוכה. לשון הרומש על הארץ דמתרגמינן דרחיש. ויש שגורסין ומעשיה רכין, כלומר שלישתה רכה:
ומחבת צפה. דכתיב (שם) על מחבת, משמע עליה ולא בתוכה, אלמא אין לה תוך:
צפה. שאינה עמוקה אלא שוליה צפין אצל אוגניה. כמו צף על פני המים:
ומעשיה קשים. שהעיסה שמטגנים בה לישתה קשה כדי שלא תשפך לחוץ, שהרי הכלי אין לו שפה:
מרחשת עמוקה – as it is written (Leviticus 7:9): “and any that is prepared in a pan” implying within it, so we see that it has something inside/within.
ומעשיה רוחשין (and what is inside it moves/vibrates – like jelly – see Tractate Menahot 63a) – that the oil within moves about within it. The language of (Genesis 1:16): “that creep on the earth,” which we translate in Aramaic as moves/swarms. But there are those who have the reading that its contents are soft, that is to say, that is kneaded product/dough is soft.
ומחשבת צפה – as it is written (Leviticus 7:9): “or on a griddle,” implying on it but not within it. So we see, it has nothing inside/within.
צפה – it is not deep but rather its edges float near its rim/border of the vessel, like “floating on the top of the water.”
ומעשיה קשים – that the dough that fries in it that which was kneaded is hard in order that it not pour outside, for the utensil lacks a rim/border.