Mishnayos Meilah Perek 6 Mishnah 2
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מעילה פרק ו׳ משנה ב׳
In a case where the homeowner sent consecrated money in the hand of a deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor, who lack halakhic competence and cannot be commissioned as agents, in order to purchase an item from a storekeeper, if they performed his agency, the homeowner is liable for misuse, as his instructions were fulfilled. If they did not perform his agency but purchased a different item from the storekeeper, the storekeeper is liable for misuse. If the homeowner sent the money in the hand of a halakhically competent person and the homeowner remembered that the money was consecrated before the agent reached the storekeeper, the storekeeper is liable for misuse when he spends the money for his personal use. The homeowner is exempt from liability for misuse, because once he remembers that the money is consecrated his misuse is no longer unwitting, and one is liable to bring an offering for misuse only for unwitting misuse of consecrated property. What shall the homeowner do in a case where he remembers that the money is consecrated, in order to prevent the storekeeper from liability for misuse? He takes one peruta or a vessel and says: The consecrated peruta, wherever it may be, is desacralized with this peruta or vessel. The peruta is thereby desacralized, as a consecrated item is desacralized with money and with an item that has the equivalent value of money. The result is that the storekeeper spends non-sacred money.
שָׁלַח בְּיַד חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, אִם עָשׂוּ שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מָעַל. לֹא עָשׂוּ שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, הַחֶנְוָנִי מָעַל. שָׁלַח בְּיַד פִּקֵּחַ, וְנִזְכַּר עַד שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ אֵצֶל הַחֶנְוָנִי, הַחֶנְוָנִי מָעַל כְּשֶׁיּוֹצִיא. כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. נוֹטֵל פְּרוּטָה אוֹ כְלִי וְיֹאמַר, פְּרוּטָה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהִיא, מְחֻלֶּלֶת עַל זֶה, שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כָסֶף:
Bartenura
ביד חרש שוטה וקטן. שאינן בני שליחות. אפילו הכי הואיל ונעשית שליחותו המשלח מעל:
החנוני. שקבל המעות מיד חרש שוטה וקטן, חייב כשיוציא המעות של הקדש בחפציו:
ונזכר. בעל הבית קודם שהגיעו המעות ליד חנוני, וכיון שנזכר שוב אינו חייב קרבן מעילה, שאין קרבן מעילה אצל מזיד:
החנוני חייב. והוא שנזכרו בעל הבית והשליח, דהשתא אין כאן שוגג אלא חנוני. אבל אם נזכר בעל הבית ולא נזכר השליח, השליח מעל שהוא שגג תחלה:
כיצד יעשה. כלומר אם ידע החנוני בפרוטה זו שהיא קודש קודם שיוציאנה ונתערבה כבר עם שאר פרוטות שיש לו, כיצד יעשה ויהיה מותר להשתמש בפרוטותיו:
ביד חרש שוטה וקטן – who are not capable of carrying out a commission/agency, nevertheless, since his agency was done, the person who sent him committed sacrilege/misappropriation.
החנוני – who received the money from the hand of the deaf-mute/חרש, imbecile/שוטה or the minor/קטן, is liable when he spends the monies of sacred property on his possessions.
ונזכר – the householder [is reminded] prior to the monies reaching the hand of the storekeeper, and since he remembered, he furthermore is not liable for a sacrifice of sacrilege/misappropriation, for there is no sacrifice of misappropriation/sacrilege for a wanton act.
החנוני חייב – and this is the case where the houseowner and the agent were reminded, for here, there is no one who acted inadvertently other than the storekeeper. But if the houseowner is reminded but the agent is not reminded, the agent committed misappropriation because inadvertently erred first.
כיצד יעשה – that is to say if the storekeeper knew about this penny that it is holy prior to his spending it or that it became combined with the rest of the pennies that he has, how should he act and be free to use his pennies.