Mishnayos Horayos Perek 3 Mishnah 1
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הוריות פרק ג׳ משנה א׳
In the case of an anointed priest who sinned on the basis of his own erroneous halakhic ruling and thereafter moved on from his anointment, e.g., if he was disqualified due to a blemish that befell him before he brought his sin-offering, and likewise in the case of a king [nasi] who sinned and thereafter moved on from his prominence before he had brought an offering, an anointed priest brings a bull despite the fact that he is no longer the High Priest, and the king brings a goat, as he would have done during his reign.
כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ שֶׁחָטָא וְאַחַר כָּךְ עָבַר מִמְּשִׁיחוּתוֹ, וְכֵן נָשִׂיא שֶׁחָטָא וְאַחַר כָּךְ עָבַר מִגְּדֻלָּתוֹ, כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ מֵבִיא פַר, וְהַנָּשִׂיא מֵבִיא שָׂעִיר:
Bartenura
כהן משיח שחטא ואח״כ עבר ממשיחותו. ולא הספיק להביא קרבנו עד שעבר מכהונתו:
כהן משיח מביא פר. ואפילו עבר לאחר שהעבירוהו ממשיחותו, אמרינן לקמן במתניתין דמביא פר. ולא נקט ליה אלא משום דאיצטריך למתני דנשיא מביא שעיר כשחטא קודם שהעבירוהו, תני נמי בכהן משיח מביא פר:
ונשיא מביא שעיר. דכתיב (ויקרא ד׳:ג׳) על חטאתו אשר חטא, מלמד שמביא חטאת כמו שהיה חייב בשעה שחטא:
If an anointed priest transgressed and afterwards relinquished his priesthood - And he was unable to bring his offering until after he had already relinquished his priesthood.
The anointed priest brings a bull offering - And even if he transgressed after he relinquished his priesthood, we say later on in our Mishna that he brings a bull offering. We only mention [the offering of an anointed priest] because we needed to teach that a ruler brings a he-goat when he transgresses before he relinquishes [his rulership], therefore we also teach [/mention] that an anointed priest brings a bull offering.
And the ruler brings a he-goat. As it says (Leviticus 4:3) "for the sin that he transgressed," which teaches us that he brings a sin offering in accordance with his obligation at the time of his sin.