Mishnayos Eruvin Perek 5 Mishnah 9
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עירובין פרק ה׳ משנה ט׳
Rabbi Akiva says: He has only two thousand cubits from the place of his eiruv, as the actual area of the city is included in the calculation. Rabbi Akiva said to the Rabbis: Do you not concede to me that one who places his eiruv in a cave has only two thousand cubits from the place of his eiruv, and that consequently the entire cave is not considered as merely four cubits? The Rabbis said to him: When does this apply? When the cave has no residents. But if it has residents, it is considered as though it were only four cubits, and one may walk through all of it and another two thousand cubits beyond it. Consequently, the halakha with regard to an eiruv placed inside a cave is sometimes more lenient than the halakha governing an eiruv placed in the area above the cave. If one places his eiruv inside a cave that has residents, he has two thousand cubits beyond the cave; if he places it above the cave, where there are no residents, he has only two thousand cubits from the place of his eiruv. And as for one who is measuring his Shabbat limit, with regard to whom the Sages said that one gives him two thousand cubits, that measurement applies even if the end of his measurement terminates in the middle of a cave. He may not walk further into the cave, even if the cave is inhabited.
אָמַר לָהֶן רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אִי אַתֶּם מוֹדִים לִי בְנוֹתֵן עֵרוּבוֹ בִמְעָרָה, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מִמְּקוֹם עֵרוּבוֹ אֶלָּא אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דִּיוּרִין, אֲבָל יֶשׁ בָּהּ דִּיוּרִין, מְהַלֵּךְ אֶת כֻּלָּהּ וְחוּצָה לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה. נִמְצָא, קַל תּוֹכָהּ מֵעַל גַּבָּהּ. וְלַמּוֹדֵד שֶׁאָמְרוּ נוֹתְנִין לוֹ אַלְפַּיִם, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ סוֹף מִדָּתוֹ כָּלֶה בִמְעָרָה:
Bartenura
אימתי בזמן שאין בה דיורים. שנפרצו מחיצותיה ואינה ראויה לדיורין, שאם ראויה לדיורין אע״פ שאין בה עכשיו דיורין אינה נחשבת כולה אלא כד׳ אמות לדברי חכמים. וכן עיר שאין יושב בה ויש לה חומה סביב שנתן בה עירובו נחשבת כד׳ אמות, ואפילו היא גדולה כאנטוכיא:
נמצא קל תוכה מעל גבה. דאילו גבה של מערה אם נתן שם עירובו אין לו אלא אלפים אמה ממקום עירובו, דגבה אינו ראוי לדיורין ותוכה מהלך את כולה וחוצה לה אלפים אמה:
ולמודד שאמרו. אע״פ שחולקים חכמים על רבי עקיבא בנותן עירובו בעיר לומר שכל העיר לו כד׳ אמות, מודים הן שהבא ממקום שביתתו וכלתה מדתו של אלפים אמה אפילו במערה שיש בה דיורין שאינו נכנס להלן ממדתו כלום:
אימתי בזמן שאין בה דיורים – that their partitions were torn down and are not fit for inhabitants, for if it were fit for residents, even though there are none in it now, inhabitants are not considered everything like four cubits, and even if it is large like Antioch.
נמצא קל תוכה מעל גבה – for whereas the [Eruv] on top of the cave , if he placed there his Eruv, he does not have anything other than two-thousand cubits from the place of his Eruv, for on top of it is not fit for inhabitants, but inside , he walks throughout and outside of it two-thousand cubits.
ולמודד שאמרו – even though that the Sages dispute on Rabbi Akiva when placing his Eruv in the city/town to state that the entire city is to him like four cubits, they admit that someone who comes from the place of his Sabbath camp and his measurement of two-thousand cubits ended, even in a cave where there are inhabitants, that he doesn’t enter further from his measurement at all.