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Perek 3

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 3 Mishnah 10

בבא קמא פרק ג׳ משנה י׳

10
There are cases where one is liable for an act of damage caused by his ox, but exempt from liability for the same action if he performed it himself. Conversely, there are also cases where one is exempt from liability for the action of his ox, but liable for his own action. How so? If his ox caused a person humilation, he is exempt from paying compensation, but if he himself humiliated another, he is liable. Similarly, if his ox blinded the eye of his slave or knocked out his slave’s tooth, he is exempt from having to emancipate the slave for this mutilation. But if he himself blinded his slave’s eye or knocked out his tooth, he is liable to emancipate him, as stated in the Torah (Exodus 21:26–27). By contrast, if his ox injured the owner’s father or his mother, he is liable to pay damages, but if he himself injured his father or his mother, he is exempt from paying compensation. Similarly, if his ox set fire to a haystack on Shabbat, he is liable to pay damages. But if he himself set fire to a haystack on Shabbat, he is exempt from paying damages. He is exempt from payment in these cases due to the fact that he is liable to receive the death penalty for injuring his father or mother or for desecrating Shabbat.

יֵשׁ חַיָּב עַל מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹרוֹ וּפָטוּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה עַצְמוֹ, פָּטוּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹרוֹ וְחַיָּב עַל מַעֲשֵׂה עַצְמוֹ. שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁבִּיֵּשׁ, פָּטוּר, וְהוּא שֶׁבִּיֵּשׁ, חַיָּב. שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁסִּמֵּא אֶת עֵין עַבְדּוֹ, וְהִפִּיל אֶת שִׁנּוֹ, פָּטוּר, וְהוּא שֶׁסִּמֵּא אֶת עֵין עַבְדּוֹ, וְהִפִּיל אֶת שִׁנּוֹ, חַיָּב. שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁחָבַל בְּאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, חַיָּב, וְהוּא שֶׁחָבַל בְּאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ, פָּטוּר. שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁהִדְלִיק אֶת הַגָּדִישׁ בְּשַׁבָּת, חַיָּב, וְהוּא שֶׁהִדְלִיק אֶת הַגָּדִישׁ בְּשַׁבָּת, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ:

י׳

שורו שבייש פטור – as it is written (Leviticus 24:19): “If anyone [maims] his fellow, [as he has done so shall it be done to him],” and not “an ox to its fellow.” Alternatively, the one causing an indignity is not liable other than when he causes an indignity/puts to shame with intention, but an ox does not “intend” to cause an indignity/put to shame to anyone.

שורו שסימא את עין עבדו פטור – the slave does not become a free person by means of this [act].

והוא שסימא את עין עבדו חייב – [as it states] (Exodus 21:26): “[When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys it,] he shall let him go free on account of his eye.”

שור שחבל באביו ובאמו חייב – with the payment of their damages.

הוא שחבל באביו ובאמו פטור – [exempt] from payment, for a person does not die and pay [damages].

שורו שהדליק את הגדיש בשבת חייב – one-half damages since it is different/strange.

שורו שבייש פטור. דכתיב איש בעמיתו, ולא שור בעמיתו. אי נמי, אין המבייש חייב אלא כשמבייש בכונה, ושור לאו מכוין לבייש הוא:

שורו שסימא את עין עבדו פטור. ואין העבד יוצא בן חורין על ידו:

והוא שסימא את עין עבדו חייב. שנאמר (שמות כ״א) לחפשי ישלחנו:

שורו שחבל באביו ובאמו חייב. בתשלומי נזק:

והוא שחבל באביו ובאמו פטור. מן התשלומין. שאין אדם מת ומשלם:

שורו שהדליק את הגדיש בשבת חייב. חצי נזק. דמשונה הוא: