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Perek 8

Mishnayos Bava Basra Perek 8 Mishnah 1

בבא בתרא פרק ח׳ משנה א׳

1
There are family members who both inherit from and bequeath to each other upon their respective deaths; and there are those who inherit from certain relatives but do not bequeath to them; and there are those who bequeath to certain relatives but do not inherit from them; and there are those who, despite being relatives, do not inherit from nor bequeath to one another. The mishna lists those referred to above. And these both inherit and bequeath: A father with regard to his sons, and sons with regard to their father, and paternal brothers; all inherit from one another and bequeath to each other. A man with regard to his mother, and a man with regard to his wife, and sons of sisters, i.e., nephews born to the sisters of the deceased, all inherit from their respective relatives but do not bequeath to them. A woman with regard to her sons, and a woman with regard to her husband, and maternal uncles, all bequeath to their respective relatives but do not inherit from them. And maternal brothers, despite being blood relatives, do not inherit from each other nor do they bequeath to one another, as they are not considered relatives for the purpose of inheritance.

יֵשׁ נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין, וְיֵשׁ נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין, מַנְחִילִין וְלֹא נוֹחֲלִין, לֹא נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין. וְאֵלּוּ נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין, הָאָב אֶת הַבָּנִים וְהַבָּנִים אֶת הָאָב וְהָאַחִין מִן הָאָב, נוֹחֲלִין וּמַנְחִילִין. הָאִישׁ אֶת אִמּוֹ וְהָאִישׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וּבְנֵי אֲחָיוֹת, נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין. הָאִשָּׁה אֶת בָּנֶיהָ וְהָאִשָּׁה אֶת בַּעְלָהּ וַאֲחֵי הָאֵם, מַנְחִילִין וְלֹא נוֹחֲלִין. וְהָאַחִים מִן הָאֵם, לֹא נוֹחֲלִין וְלֹא מַנְחִילִין:

א׳

יש נוחלין – there are relations that inherit their relatives when they die, and even when they themselves die. They bequeath to them their money.

האב את הבנים – as it is written (Numbers 27:8): “If a man dies without leaving a son, you shall transfer his property to his daughter.” In place of a daughter, you transfer the inheritance from the father, but you do not transfer inheritance from the father in place of brothers.

והבנים את האב – as it is written (Numbers 27:8): “If a man dies without leaving a son;” but if he has a son, the son precedes.

והאחין מן האב – as it is written (Numbers 27:10): “in his own clan, and he shall inherit it.” And the family/clan of the father is called a family, as it is written (Numbers 1:2): “by the clans of its ancestral houses.”

והאיש את אמו – as it is written (Numbers 36:8): “ Every daughter among the Israelite tribes who inherits a share [must marry someone from a clan of her father’s tribe, in order that every Israelite may keep his ancestral share],”how a daughter inherits two tribes, but this [is the case] where her father is from one tribe and her mother is from another tribe, "וירשתן"/and she shall inherit them (see Numbers 36:8 and Talmud Bava Batra 111a) – for since it is written (in our verse): "ממטות"/from the tribe, he made an analogy of two verses near each other – the tribe of the mother to the tribe of the father. Just as the tribe of the father, the son precedes the daughter, so too, the tribe of the mother – the son precedes the daughter.

והאיש את אשתו – as it is written (Numbers 27:11): “[If his father had no brothers, you shall assign his property to] his nearest relative [in his own clan and he shall inherit it].” “the nearest relative” is one’s wife. And we read it this way: “And you shall give the inheritance of his nearest relative to him and deduct or add and we expound, that even she shall inherit him, as the inference teaches us: (Numbers 27: 11): “and he shall inherit it.” He inherits her, but she does not inherit him (see also Talmud Bava Batra 111b).

יש נוחלין. יש קרובים שנוחלין את קרוביהם כשהם מתים. ואף כשמתים הם, מנחילין להם את ממונם:

האב את הבנים. דכתיב (במדבר כ״ז) איש כי ימות ובן אין לו והעברתם את נחלתו לבתו, במקום בת אתה מעביר נחלה מאב, ואי אתה מעביר נחלה מן האב במקום אחין:

והבנים את האב. דכתיב איש כי ימות ובן אין לו, הא יש לו בן, בן קודם:

והאחין מן האב. דכתיב (שם) ממשפחתו וירש אותה, ומשפחת אב קרויה משפחה דכתיב (שם א) למשפחותם לבית אבותם:

האיש את אמו. דכתיב (במדבר כ״ז) וכל בת יורשת נחלה ממטות בני ישראל, היאך בת יורשת שני מטות. אלא זו שאביה משבט אחד ואמה משבט אחר וירשתן. ומדכתיב מטות, הקיש מטה האם למטה האב, מה מטה האב בן קודם לבת, אף מטה האם בן קודם לבת:

והאיש את אשתו. דכתיב שארו, זו אשתו. וקרינן הכי, ונתתם את נחלת שארו לו, וגורעין ומוסיפין ודורשין. יכול אף היא תירשנו ת״ל וירש אותה, הוא יורש אותה ואין היא יורשת אותו: