Mishnayos Avodah Zarah Perek 4 Mishnah 10
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עבודה זרה פרק ד׳ משנה י׳
In the case of a gentile who was found standing next to the wine collection vat, if there is a loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is prohibited. Since the gentile maintains that he has a right to the owner’s property he has no compunctions about touching the wine. But if there is no loan owed by the owner of the wine vat to the gentile, the wine is permitted, as it is assumed that the gentile did not touch the wine that was not his. If a gentile fell into the wine collection vat and emerged from it, or if he measured the wine in the winepress with a pole without touching it with his hands, or if he cast a hornet out of the wine by means of a pole and the pole touched the wine, or where the gentile was removing the foam that was on the top of a fermenting barrel of wine; with regard to all these cases there was such an incident. And the Sages said that the wine may be sold to gentiles, as it is permitted to derive benefit from the wine, but not to drink it. And Rabbi Shimon deems the wine permitted even for drinking. In a case where a gentile took the barrel of wine and threw it, in his anger, into the wine collection vat, this was an incident that occurred and the Sages deemed the wine fit for drinking.
גּוֹי שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, מֻתָּר. נָפַל לַבּוֹר וְעָלָה, וּמְדָדוֹ בַקָּנֶה, הִתִּיז אֶת הַצִּרְעָה בַקָּנֶה אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מְטַפֵּחַ עַל פִּי חָבִית מְרֻתַּחַת, בְּכָל אֵלּוּ הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְאָמְרוּ יִמָּכֵר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. נָטַל אֶת הֶחָבִית וּזְרָקָהּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ לַבּוֹר, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה וְהִכְשִׁירוּ:
Bartenura
אם יש לו עליו מלוה אסור. אם יש לו על היין מלוה, שזה היין משועבד לו בחובו, אז הוא כממונו ונגע ביה לראות היאך הוא:
נפל. הנכרי לבור מלא יין:
ועלה. מת. אע״ג דנגע בשעה שנפל אינו אסור בהנאה, הואיל ולא נתכוין ליגע. אבל עלה חי, בעלייתו אוסרו, משום דמודה לעבודה זרה על שניצול:
ומודדו בקנה. או שהיה הנכרי מודד יינו של ישראל בקנה:
והתיז. או שהתיז הנכרי את הצרעה מיינו של ישראל על ידי הקנה ולא נגע בידיו ביין:
המרותחת. שהיתה החבית מעלה רתיחות, וטפח הנכרי בידו על הרתיחות, אין דרך ניסוך בכך:
ורבי שמעון מתיר. ואין הלכה כרבי שמעון:
זה היה מעשה והכשירו. אף בשתיה:
אם יש עליו [מלוה] אסור – if he has towards him a lien on the wine, it is prohibited, for this wine is mortgaged to him in his liability, so it is like his money and he came in contact with it to see how it is.
נפל – the idolater [fell] into the cistern filled with wine.
ועלה – dead, even though he came in contact with it at the time that he fell in, he (i.e., the Jew) is not prohibited to benefit since he did not intend to come in contact with it, but uf he came up alive, through his ascending he makes it forbidden, because he admits to idolatry on that he was saved.
ומודדו בקנה – or that the idolater measures the wine of the Israelite with a reed.
והתיז – or the idolater flipped out the hornet from the wine of the Israelite through a reed and did not actually make contact with the wine with his hand.
המורתחת – the barrel was rising with heat and the idolater slapped it with his hand on the foaming – this is not the manner of libations.
רבי שמעון מתיר – but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
זה היה מעשה והכשירוהו – even through drinking.