Mishnayos Demai Perek 1 Mishnah 2

דמאי אין לו חומש – a person who redeems Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce does not give the extra one-fifth (i.e., if he is only bringing the monetary value of his produce and not the actual produce to Jerusalem) because since most of those who are not observing certain religious custom regarding tithes/עמי הארץ – do tithe. Therefore, the principal that is indispensable (i.e., does not invalidate an act by omission) according to the laws of the Torah is brought according to the Rabbis, but the [added] one-fifth is not indispensable according to the Torah can be consumed.

ואין לו ביעור – at the end of three years, a person is obligated to remove/destroy all of his tithes, as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:13): “[you shall declare before the LORD your God:] ‘I have cleared out the consecrated portion from the house [- and have given it to the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless and the widow, that they may eat their fill in your settlements’],” but the Rabbis did not institute this with doubtfully tithed produce.

ונאכל לאונן – for certainly [tithed] Second Tithe is prohibited to a mourner before the burial of a kinsman/אונן as it is written (Deuteronomy 26:14): “I have not eaten of it while in mourning,” but Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce, they (i.e., the Rabbis) did not make a decree concerning this.

ונכנס לירושלים ויוצא – it is redeemed and consumed outside of Jerusalem, which is not the case concerning definitely [tithed produce] which the walls [of Jerusalem] retain/protect and people are unable to redeem it and to remove outside the wall [of Jerusalem] after he has entered, but with doubtfully tithed produce, it is not decreed.

ומאבדים מעוטו בדרך (and they lose/abandon a small portion of it on the roads) – if it was doubtfully tithed Second Tithe on the roads in a place where there are hords of wild beasts or robbers, even if there was a small amount and he could bring it without trouble or without loss , it does not concern/worry him and he leaves it to be abandoned on the road in the place where he is. And Maimonides explained that if at the time that he is bringing Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce in Jerusalem and a small amount was lost to him on the way, it should not concern him, what is not the case with certainly tithed produce that he must bring all of it up or its monetary value [plus the added one-fifth] and not lose any of it on the way.

ונותנים אותו לעם הארץ – to eat in Jerusalem, and even though he is suspected of consuming it while in a state of ritual impurity, which is not the case with certainly tithed [produce] that we don’t hand over to a person who does not observe certain religious practices related to tithes (i.e., an עם הארץ ) because he is not careful to consume it in a state of ritual purity.

ויאכל כנגדו (and he consumes its equivalent) – corresponding to what he gave to a person who does not observe religious practices related to tithes , he takes from his possessions and consumes with the ritual purity of the Second Tithe in Jerusalem.

ומחללים אותו כסף על כסף (and they redeem it [exchange its redemption money] silver for silver) – if he has silver coins of Second Tithe of doubtfully tithed produce and he needs it, he is able to redeem it for unconsecrated silver coins, what is not the case with certainly tithed [Second Tithe] that he doesn’t redeem silver for silver but rather Selas of the two kings that he can redeem one for the other if the second is current coinage but that of [only] one king, he cannot for this is not the manner of redemption, but for doubtfully tithed produce, it is permitted.

כסף על נחשת (silver for copper) – even it is not an emergency, but of certainly [tithed produce] in an emergency one can [make this exchange], but not in a time which is not an emergency.

ויחזור ויפדה את הפירות – we have this reading, and we don’t have the reading of"ובלבד שיחזור ויפדה" /provided that he again redeem the produce [for money].” And this is what he said: And he can return and redeem the produce if he wants, the words of Rabbi Meir, but the Sages say: He cannot return and redeem them but rather, he brings up the produce to Jerusalem [and consumes it there]. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.