Mishnayos Shabbos Perek 10 Mishnah 5
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שבת פרק י׳ משנה ה׳
One who carries a large mass out to the public domain on Shabbat is liable. If two carried it out together, they are exempt because neither performed a complete prohibited labor. However, if one person is unable to carry it out alone, and therefore two people carried it out, they are liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems them exempt even in that case. One who carries out foods less than the measure that determines liability for carrying out food in a vessel on Shabbat is exempt, even for carrying out the vessel, because the vessel is secondary to the food inside it. Since one is not liable for carrying out the food, he is not liable for carrying out the vessel either. Similarly, one who carries out a living person on a bed is exempt, even for carrying out the bed, because the bed is secondary to the person. One who carries out a corpse on a bed is liable. And similarly, one who carries out an olive-bulk of a corpse, or an olive-bulk of an animal carcass, or a lentil-bulk of a creeping animal, which are the minimal measures of these items that transmit ritual impurity, is liable. And Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt. He holds that one is only liable for performing a prohibited labor for its own sake. One who carries out an object in order to bring it to its destination is liable. However, people carry out a corpse or an animal carcass only to be rid of them.
הַמּוֹצִיא כִכָּר לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. הוֹצִיאוּהוּ שְׁנַיִם, פְּטוּרִין. לֹא יָכֹל אֶחָד לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְהוֹצִיאוּהוּ שְׁנַיִם, חַיָּבִים. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. הַמּוֹצִיא אֳכָלִין פָּחוֹת מִכַּשִּׁעוּר בִּכְלִי, פָּטוּר אַף עַל הַכְּלִי, שֶׁהַכְּלִי טְפֵלָה לוֹ. אֶת הַחַי בַּמִּטָּה, פָּטוּר אַף עַל הַמִּטָּה, שֶׁהַמִּטָּה טְפֵלָה לוֹ. אֶת הַמֵּת בַּמִּטָּה, חַיָּב. וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה וְכָעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, חַיָּב. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר:
Bartenura
הוציאוהו שנים פטורים. כדילפינן (ויקרא ד׳:י״ג) בעשותה אחת מכל מצות ה׳, העושה את כולה ולא העושה מקצתה:
ור״ש פוטר. דסבר אפילו כשאין יחיד יכול לעשותה אם עשאוה שנים פטורים. ואין הלכה כר״ש:
את החי במטה. על החי לא מחייב בהוצאתו אם אינו כפות, לפי שהוא נושא את עצמו. וה״מ אדם אבל בהמה חיה ועוף לא, דכמאן דכפותין דמו:
וכן כזית מן המת. חייב אם הוציאו, דהואיל ומטמא, הוצאה חשובה היא להציל עצמו מן הטומאה. וכן כזית מן הנבלה וכעדשה מן השרץ, דהכי הוי שיעורן לטומאה:
ורבי שמעון פוטר. אפילו במת שלם, דהוי מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה, דכל שאינו אלא לסלקו מעליו הויא מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה ולאו מלאכת מחשבת היא. ואין הלכה כרבי שמעון:
הוציאו שנים פטואים – for we derive it (Leviticus 4:27 - though the exact formulation quoted by the Bartenura commentary does not appear anywhere: "ועשותה אחת [מכל] מצות ה'" – “if any person from among the populace unwittingly incurs guilt by doing any of the things which by the LORD’s commandments [ought not to be done, and he realizes his guilt]”; he who does all of it and not who does part of it.
ר"ש פוטר – for he holds that even when one person cannot do it, if two did it [together] they are exempt, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
את החי במטה – on the living, one does not become liable in removing him, if he is not tied up/bandaged, because he would carry himself and these words refer to a person, but not for cattle, wildlife or fowl, for it is like someone who is tied up.
ןכן כזית מן המת – he is liable if he removed him, for since it is considered that removal defiles to save oneself from defilement, and similarly an olive’s bulk from a carrion and a lentil’s bulk from a creeping thing, for these are their measures for defilement.
רבי שמעון פוטר – even with an entire dead person for this is work that is not required for its body [on the Sabbath], for everything that is not necessary other than to remove it from him is a labor that is not necessary for itself, and it is not a productive work (with a direct purpose), and the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.