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Mishnayos Niddah Perek 4 Mishnah 7

נדה פרק ד׳ משנה ז׳

7

For all the eleven days of ziva that follow the seven days of menstruation, a woman has the presumptive status of ritual purity, as it is unusual for her to experience bleeding on these days. If a woman sat and did not examine herself every morning and evening to determine whether she emitted blood and is impure, it makes no difference whether she failed to examine herself unwittingly or due to circumstances beyond her control, or even if she acted intentionally and did not examine herself; she remains ritually pure. She is rendered impure only if she examined herself and was found to have emitted blood. By contrast, if the time of her menstrual cycle arrived, when she is required to examine herself, and she did not examine herself, that woman is ritually impure, as it is typical for a woman to discharge blood at that time. Rabbi Meir says: If a woman was in hiding from danger, and the time of her menstrual cycle arrived and she did not examine herself on that day, that woman is pure, because fear drives away blood. There is therefore no concern that she might have emitted blood. But with regard to the seven clean days of the zav and the zava, and with regard to a woman who observes a clean day for a day she experiences a discharge during her days of ziva, if she fails to examine herself on those days, these women have a presumptive status of ritual impurity, as they already experienced a discharge.

כָּל אַחַד עָשָׂר יוֹם בְּחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה. יָשְׁבָה לָהּ וְלֹא בָדְקָה, שָׁגְגָה, נֶאֶנְסָה, הֵזִידָה וְלֹא בָדְקָה, טְהוֹרָה. הִגִּיעַ שְׁעַת וִסְתָּהּ וְלֹא בָדְקָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה בְמַחֲבֵא וְהִגִּיעַ שְׁעַת וִסְתָּהּ, וְלֹא בָדְקָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲרָדָה מְסַלֶּקֶת אֶת הַדָּמִים. אֲבָל יְמֵי הַזָּב וְהַזָּבָה וְשׁוֹמֶרֶת יוֹם כְּנֶגֶד יוֹם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה:

ז׳
Bartenura

כל אחד עשר יום – after the seven days of menstruation/Niddah.

בחזקת טהרה – and she doesn’t have to examine herself, for it is a Halakha transmitted to Moses at Sinai (albeit not written down) that there is no distinction between one menstruating cycle to another that is less than eleven days.

ישבה לה ולא בקדה – our Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: During the days of her menstruating period it requires examination. If she sat and did not examine herself inadvertently, or she was under constraint, or willfully didn’t examine herself, she is [ritually] pure/clean.

הגיעה שעת וסתה ולא בדקה – even though she examined herself afterwards and found herself to be pure/clean, since she didn’t examine herself at the time of her period, that she is impure/unclean, for her menstruation comes at its [appropriate] time.

במחבא (in hiding) – on account of robbers or an army that comes came to the city. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.

אבל ימי הזב והזבה – the seven clean days that she needs to count.

ושומרת יום – as for example, that she sees [blood] one day or two days during the days of her flux, she does not count other than one day in cleanliness and she ritually immerses [herself] in the evening and is pure/clean to her husband.

הרי אלו בחזקת טומאה – since her fountain was opened up and she saw it (i.e., blood) today, even though it is within the eleven [days], she is on the morrow in the presumption of impurity/uncleanness.

כל אחד עשר יום. שאחר שבעת ימי נדה:

בחזקת טהרה. ואינה צריכה לבדוק עצמה. דהלכה למשה מסיני שאין בין נדה לנדה פחות מאחד עשר יום:

ישבה לה ולא בדקה. מתניתין חסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, בימי נדתה בעיא בדיקה. ישבה ולא בדקה, שגגה, נאנסה, הזידה ולא בדקה, טהורה:

הגיעה שעת וסתה ולא בדקה. אף על פי שבדקה אחר כך ומצאה טהורה, הואיל ולא בדקה בשעת וסתה, טמאה, דאורח בזמנו בא:

במחבא. מחמת לסטים או חיל שבא לעיר. ואין הלכה כר׳ מאיר:

אבל ימי הזב והזבה. שבעת ימים נקיים שצריכים לספור:

ושומרת יום. כגון הרואה יום אחד או שני ימים בימי זיבתה, אינה סופרת אלא יום אחד בנקיות, וטובלת לערב וטהורה לבעלה:

הרי אלו בחזקת טומאה. כיון שנפתח מעינה וראתה היום, אע״ג דתוך אחד עשר היא, הויא למחר בחזקת טומאה: