Mishnayos Kerisos Perek 4 Mishnah 1
Change text layout:
כריתות פרק ד׳ משנה א׳
If there is uncertainty whether one ate forbidden fat and uncertainty whether one did not eat forbidden fat, or even if one ate forbidden fat and there is uncertainty whether there is the measure that determines liability in the piece he ate and uncertainty whether there is not the measure that determines liability in the piece he ate, he must bring a provisional guilt offering. If one has a piece of permitted fat and a piece of forbidden fat before him and he ate one of them and he does not know which of them he ate; or if his wife and his sister were with him in the house and he unwittingly engaged in intercourse with one of them and he does not know with which of them he unwittingly engaged in intercourse; or if he confused Shabbat and a weekday and he performed labor prohibited on Shabbat on one of the days and he does not know on which of them he performed the labor, in all of those cases he is liable to bring a provisional guilt offering.
סָפֵק אָכַל חֵלֶב, סָפֵק לֹא אָכַל. וַאֲפִלּוּ אָכַל, סָפֵק יֵשׁ בּוֹ כַשִּׁעוּר, סָפֵק שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ. חֵלֶב וְשֻׁמָּן לְפָנָיו, אָכַל אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן אָכַל. אִשְׁתּוֹ וַאֲחוֹתוֹ עִמּוֹ בַבַּיִת, שָׁגַג בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן שָׁגָג. שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם חֹל, וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכָה בְאַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן עָשָׂה. מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי:
Bartenura
ספק אכל חלב ספק לא אכל. והיכי דמי, כגון חלב ושומן לפניו ואכל את אחד מהן, כדתני בסיפא. ופרושי קמפרש, ספק אכל חלב ספק לא אכל כיצד, כגון שהיה חלב ושומן לפניו ויש כאן איסור קבוע אבל אם היתה לפניו חתיכה אחת, ספק שהיא חלב ספק שהיא שומן ואכלה, פטור, דלא איקבע איסורא:
ואפילו אכל. ודאי חלב, ספק יש בו כזית. וכגון שבשעה שאכלו סבור שומן הוא ואח״כ נודע לו שהוא חלב, וספק יש בו כזית ספק אין בו:
אכל את אחד מהן. וכסבור שומן הוא, ואחר כך נודע שהאחד היה חלב, וזה אינו יודע איזו אכל, מביא אשם תלוי. אבל אם בשעת אכילה היתה לו ספק והזיד ואכלה מספק, הוי מזיד ופטור:
שגג באחת מהן. כסבור זו אשתו, ואחר כך נתספק איזו מהן היתה, מביא אשם תלוי:
ספק אכל חלב ספק לא אכל – and how is this to be understood? As, for example, forbidden fat and permitted were before him and he ate one of them, as is taught in the ending clause. And it is specified as it explains: It is doubtful whether he at forbidden fat and it is doubtful that he did not eat it. How so? As, for example, that the forbidden fat and permitted fat were before him and there is a fixed prohibition. But if there was before him one piece, it is doubtful whether it is forbidden fat and doubtful that it is permitted fat and he ate it, he is exempt. For the prohibition was not fixed.
ואפילו אכל – that it was definitely forbidden fat, but doubtful that had an olive’s bulk, as for example at the time that he ate it, he thought that it was permitted fat, and afterwards it became known to him that it is forbidden fat, but it is doubtful that it has or does not have an olive’s bulk.
אכל א אאחד מהן – but he thought that it was permitted fat, and afterwards it became known that the one was forbidden fat, but this one doesn’t know which he ate, he brings an uncertain guilt-offering (i.e., a sacrifice brought by someone who is uncertain as to whether he committed a sin that requires a sin offering). But, if at the time of eating he had a doubt, and he willfully acted and ate from doubt, this is willful behavior and he is exempt.
שגג באחת מהן – in thinking that this is wife, and afterwards he was in doubt which of them was, he brings the uncertain guilt-offering.