Mishnayos Kerisos Perek 2 Mishnah 1
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כריתות פרק ב׳ משנה א׳
There are four individuals whose halakhic status is defined as: Lacking atonement [khappara], which means they had been in a state of ritual impurity and underwent rituals to purify themselves, but since they have not yet brought the requisite atonement offering to complete the purification process, they may not partake of sacrificial meat. And there are also four individuals who bring an offering for an intentional transgression in the same manner as they do for an unwitting transgression. And these are the four individuals who lack atonement: The man who experiences a gonorrhea-like discharge [zav], the woman who experiences a discharge of uterine blood after her menstrual period [zava], the woman after childbirth, and the leper. In all four of these cases, although the individual has completed all of the other steps of the purification process, the process is not complete until the atonement offering has been brought. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: A convert also lacks atonement, even after he has been circumcised and has immersed in a ritual bath, until the priest sprinkles the blood of his offering on the altar on his behalf. A nazirite also lacks atonement with regard to his permission for drinking wine, and cutting his hair, and his exposure to ritual impurity imparted by a corpse, until his offerings are sacrificed.
אַרְבָּעָה מְחֻסְּרֵי כִפּוּרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה מְבִיאִין עַל הַזָּדוֹן כִּשְׁגָגָה. אֵלּוּ הֵן מְחֻסְּרֵי כִפּוּרִים. הַזָּב, וְהַזָּבָה, וְהַיּוֹלֶדֶת, וְהַמְצֹרָע. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, גֵּר, מְחֻסַּר כַּפָּרָה עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק עָלָיו הַדָּם. וְנָזִיר, לְיֵינוֹ וְתִגְלַחְתּוֹ וְטֻמְאָתוֹ:
Bartenura
ארבעה מחוסרי כפרה. שמביאין כפרה ולא על חטא אלא לאכול בקדשים:
והמצורע. והא דלא חשיב נמי והמצורעת כי היכי דחשיב זב וזבה, לפי שזב וזבה עיקר טומאתן חלוקה, שזב מטמא בראיות ואפילו ראה שלש ראיות ביום אחד, טמא ומביא קרבן, וזבה אינה מביאה קרבן עד שתראה בשלשה ימים זה אחר זה, הלכך חשבינהו לתרתי, אבל מצורע ומצורעת אין עיקר טומאתן חלוקה, דשניהם שיעור טומאתן בכגריס:
גר מחוסר כפרה. ותנא קמא סבר, גר כיון שמל וטבל מותר לאכול בקדשים, ואין קרבן מעכבו אלא מלבוא בקהל, הלכך לא חשיב ליה בכלל מחוסרי כפרה:
עד שיזרק עליו הדם. אם הביא קרבן בהמה. ואם עולת העוף הביא, עד שיתמצה דמו על קיר המזבח:
ונזיר ליינו ולתגלחתו. קרבן נזיר מתיר לו לשתות יין ולתגלחת ולהטמא למתים, שאע״פ ששלמו ימי נזרו אינו מותר ביין ובתגלחת ולהטמא למתים עד שיביא קרבן. ות״ק לא חשיב נזיר, דלא תני אלא הנך דלאשתרויי בקדשים, ונזיר דמייתי קרבן, לאשתרויי ביין דחולין הוא:
ארבעה מחוסרי כפרה (four whose atonement is incomplete) – that they bring an atonement (i.e., a sacrifice), but not for the sin, but rather to [be able to] eat Holy Things.
והמצורע – and this is also not considered for the lepers/metzoras, just as that it considers males with a flux and females with a flux, because the for the male with a flux and the female with a flux, the essence of their ritual defilement is disputed, for a male with a flux defiles through sightings and even if he saw three sightings in one day he is ritually defiled and brings one sacrifice, but the female with a flux does not bring a sacrifice until she sees three days one after another, therefore, we consider them as two [different entities], but the male leper and the female leper, the essence of their ritual defilement is not divided, as for both of them, the measurement of their defilement is like the size of a bean.
גר מחוסר כפרה – The first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] holds that a convert, since he circumcised and immersed [in a Mikveh], is permitted to eat Holy Things, and the sacrifice is not indispensable other than to enter into the community (See Exodus 24:8 – “Moses took the blood and dashed it on the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD now makes with you concerning these commands.”). Therefore, he is not considered among the general group of those whose atonement is incomplete.
עד שיזרוק עליו הדם – if he didn’t bring the sacrifice of cattle. But if he brought the burnt offering of fowl, until its blood will be emptied out onto the wall of the altar.
ונזיר ליינו ותגלחתו – the sacrifice [brought] by the Nazirite permits him to drink wine and to cut his hair and to become defiled to the dead, for even though he has completed the days of his Nazirite [vow], he is not permitted to have wine or to cut his hair or to become defiled by the dead until he brings a sacrifice. But the first Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] does not consider the Nazirite, and doesn’t teach other than those who would be permitted to Holy Things, but the Nazirite when he brings a sacrifice, is permitted to have wine, which is unconsecrated.