Mishnayos Temurah Perek 2 Mishnah 2
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תמורה פרק ב׳ משנה ב׳
There is a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai that there are five sin offerings that are unfit for sacrifice on the altar and have no remedy and are therefore left to die. They are: The offspring of a sin offering; the substitute for a sin offering; a sin offering whose owner died; a sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering, when the original sin offering was lost or stolen and later recovered; and a sin offering whose year has passed. The mishna continues the discussion of the distinction between individual and communal offerings. An individual sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering after it was lost is left to die, but in the case of a communal sin offering it is not left to die. Rabbi Yehuda says: Even a communal sin offering shall be left to die. Rabbi Shimon says: Just as we found with regard to the offspring of a sin offering, and with regard to the substitute for a sin offering, and with regard to a sin offering whose owner died, that these matters apply to an individual sin offering and not to a communal sin offering, so too, in the cases of a sin offering whose owner achieved atonement with another sin offering, and a sin offering whose first year has passed, the matters are stated with regard to an individual sin offering, and not with regard to a communal sin offering.
חַטָּאת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ בְעָלָיו, מֵתוֹת. וְשֶׁל צִבּוּר, אֵינָן מֵתוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יָמוּתוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַה מָּצִינוּ בִּוְלַד חַטָּאת וּבִתְמוּרַת חַטָּאת וּבְחַטָּאת שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְעָלֶיהָ, בְּיָחִיד דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים אֲבָל לֹא בְצִבּוּר, אַף שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים וְשֶׁעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָן, בְּיָחִיד דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים אֲבָל לֹא בְצִבּוּר:
Bartenura
חטאת היחיד שכיפרו בעליו. שאבדה ונתכפר באחרת ואח״כ נמצאת הראשונה:
ושל צבור. שכיפרו באחרת:
אינן מתות. דחטאות המתות הלכה למשה מסיני היא, וסבירא ליה לתנא קמא דליחיד גמירי ולא לשל צבור:
רבי יהודה אומר ימותו. דבשל צבור נמי גמירי:
אמר ר׳ שמעון מה מצינו. כלומר, קיימא לן חמש חטאות מתות, שמתו בעליה, ושכיפרו בעליה באחרת, ושעברה שנתה, וולד חטאת, ותמורת חטאת. וכי היכי דתלת מינייהו לאו בצבור גמירי, דהא לא משכחת להו בקרבנות צבור, ולד חטאת לא משכחת לה בצבור שאין חטאת נקבה בצבור, ותמורת חטאת נמי אין קרבן צבור עושה תמורה, ושמתו בעליה אין צבור מתים:
אף שכיפרו בעליה ושעברה שנתה. אע״ג דאפשר דמשתכחי בצבור, לא גמירי דמתות:
ביחיד דברים אמורים, דמתות, אבל לא בצבור. והלכה כר׳ שמעון:
חטאת היחיד שכיפרו בעליו – that it was lost and he became expiated through another [animal], and afterwards, the first animal was found.
ושל צבור – that atoned through another [animal].
אינן מתות – that sin-offerings left to die (i.e., sin-offerings that were disqualified and consequently can no longer be sacrificed on the altar are confined In an enclosure until they die: the offspring of a sin-offering; an animal substituted for a sin-offering; a sin-offering whose owners have died; a sin-offering whose owners have already gained atonement through an other offering; and a sin offering of sheep or goats that is more than a year old), is a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional law or a traditional interpretation of a written law), and the first Tanna/teacher [of our Mishnah] holds, that for an individual sacrifice it was learned [regarding individual sin-offerings that were disqualified] but not that of the community.
רבי יהודה אומר ימותו – that those of the community were also learned/derived.
אמר ר' שמעון מה מצינו – meaning to say, we hold that five sin-offerings are left to die, that their owners have died, or that their owners acquired expiation through another [animal], or that its year has passed (for sheep and/or goats), the offspring of a sin-offering and the substitution of a sin-offering. For just as that three of them are not derived from that of a community [offering], for we do not have a case found with a community, for there is no feminine sin-offering for a community [offering], and the exchange of a sin-offering also, there is no community offering that one does a substitution/exchange, or that if its owners died, there are no community offerings where it the animals are left to die (see Tractate Temurah 15b).
אף שכפירו בעליה ושעברה שנתה – even though it is possible that it may be found in a community, we don’t learn/derive that they died.
ביחיד דברים אמורים – that the animals are left to die, but not for a community [offering]. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.