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Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 10 Mishnah 2

זבחים פרק י׳ משנה ב׳

2

Any offering that is more sacred than another precedes the other offering. The mishna elaborates: If there is blood of a sin offering and blood of a burnt offering to be presented, the blood of the sin offering precedes the blood of the burnt offering because it effects acceptance, i.e., atonement, for severe transgressions punishable by karet. Likewise, if there are limbs of a burnt offering and portions of a sin offering to be burned on the altar, the burning of the limbs of the burnt offering precedes the portions of the sin offering, because the burnt offering is entirely burned in the flames on the altar, whereas only part of the sin offering is burned. Similarly, although both effect atonement, a sin offering precedes a guilt offering due to the fact that its blood is placed on the four corners of the altar and the remnants of its blood are poured on the base of the altar, whereas the blood of the guilt offering is sprinkled on only two corners of the altar. A guilt offering precedes a thanks offering and the nazirite’s ram due to the fact that it is an offering of the most sacred order, and the others are offerings of lesser sanctity. A thanks offering and a nazirite’s ram precede a peace offering due to the fact that they are eaten for one day, like offerings of the most sacred order, whereas a peace offering is eaten for two days, and the thanks offering and nazirite’s ram require loaves to be brought with them, four types with the thanks offering and two types with the nazirite’s ram. Sacrifice of the peace offering precedes sacrifice of the firstborn offering due to the fact that the peace offering requires placing the blood on the altar, in the form of two placements that are four, and placing hands on the head of the offering, and libations, and the wavings of the breast and the thigh by the priest and the owner; none of which is required for the firstborn offering.

וְכֹל הַמְקֻדָּשׁ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹדֵם אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. דַּם חַטָּאת קוֹדֵם לְדַם עוֹלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְרַצֶּה. אֵבְרֵי עוֹלָה קוֹדְמִין לְאֵמוּרֵי חַטָּאת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כָּלִיל לָאִשִּׁים. חַטָּאת קוֹדֶמֶת לְאָשָׁם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁדָּמָהּ נִתָּן עַל אַרְבַּע קְרָנוֹת וְעַל הַיְּסוֹד. אָשָׁם קוֹדֵם לְתוֹדָה וּלְאֵיל נָזִיר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים. הַתּוֹדָה וְאֵיל נָזִיר קוֹדְמִין לִשְׁלָמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וּטְעוּנִים לָחֶם. שְׁלָמִים קוֹדְמִין לִבְכוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם טְעוּנִין מַתַּן אַרְבַּע, וּסְמִיכָה וּנְּסָכִים וּתְנוּפַת חָזֶה וָשׁוֹק:

ב׳
Bartenura

דם חטאת קודם לדם עולה – if both are slaughtered and are ready to be sprinkled.

שהוא מרצה – it atones for those liable for [sins punishable by] extirpation that require great winning favor.

אברי עולה קודמין – in their burning on the altar/rising up in smoke.

לאימורי חטאת – if the blood of both were sprinkled.

מפני שהן כליל – and there is a side of an extension of scope of this for the Altar.

על ארבע קרנות – and the guilt-offering is two gifts which are four, but not on the horns [of the Altar].

ועל היסוד – the pouring of he remainders . And with the guilt-offering, we did not find that it is stated regarding it.

מתן ארבע – two gifts which are four, but the first-born does not require other than one gift, and it does not require laying of the hands or libations and nor either the waving of the breast and foreleg/shoulder.

דם חטאת קודם לדם עולה. אם שניהם שחוטין ועומדין ליזרק:

שהוא מרצה. מכפר על חייבי כריתות שצריכים ריצוי גדול:

אברי עולה קודמין. בהקטרתן:

לאימורי חטאת. אם נזרקו דמי שניהם:

מפני שהן כליל. וצד ריבוי הוא זה למזבח:

על ארבע קרנות. ואשם שתי מתנות שהן ארבע ולא על הקרנות:

ועל היסוד. שפיכת שיירים. ובאשם לא מצינו שנאמר בו:

מתן ארבע. שתי מתנות שהן ארבע, ובכור אינו טעון אלא מתנה אחת ואינו טעון סמיכה ונסכים ולא תנופת חזה ושוק: