Mishnayos Avodah Zarah Perek 4 Mishnah 12
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עבודה זרה פרק ד׳ משנה י"ב
In the case of a Jew who renders the wine of a gentile permitted by treading the gentile’s grapes so that the wine can be sold to Jews, and he then places the wine in the gentile’s domain until he sells it, the halakha depends on the circumstances. If that one, the gentile, writes for the Jew: I received money from you in payment for the wine, even though he did not yet receive the actual payment, the wine is permitted. This is because the wine is considered the Jew’s property and the gentile does not venture to touch it. But if the Jew desires to remove the wine and the gentile does not allow him to do so until the Jew gives him the money due to him, this was an incident that occurred in Beit She’an and the Sages deemed the wine prohibited. In this case the gentile believes that he has a lien upon the wine, and therefore he has no compunctions about touching it.
הַמְּטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, וְהַלָּה כוֹתֵב לוֹ, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָעוֹת, מֻתָּר. אֲבָל אִם יִרְצֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת מְעוֹתָיו, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים:
Bartenura
והלה כותב לו התקבלתי ממך מעות מותר. אם הבית פתוח לרה״ר וישראלים דרים באותה העיר, כדאמרינן לעיל:
אבל אם רצה וכו׳ דהשתא הוי היין משכון אצל הנכרי הואיל ויש לו מלוה על היין, אסור. דלא מרתת, דסבר אי חזו לי ותבע לי, אמינא דידי הוא. ואע״פ שמפתח וחותם ביד ישראל, אסור:
והלה כותב לו שנתקבלתי ממך מעות מותר – if the house is open to the public domain and Israelites live in that city as we have stated above (in the previous Mishnah).
אבל אם רצה – for now, the wine is a as a deposit with the idolater. And since he has a lien on the wine, it is prohibited, and that it does not bubble/ferment, he holds that if he sees me and claims it from me, I would say that it is mine. But even though the key and the lock are in the hand of an Israelite, it is prohibited.