Mishnayos Gittin Perek 9 Mishnah 9
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גיטין פרק ט׳ משנה ט׳
If a rumor circulated in the city that an unmarried woman is betrothed, she is considered to be betrothed. Similarly, if a rumor circulated that a married woman is divorced, she is divorced, provided there is no valid alternative explanation [amatla] for the rumor. What is considered a valid explanation? For example, it is a case where there is a rumor that so-and-so divorced his wife but that the bill of divorce was given to her conditionally. It is therefore possible that the condition was not fulfilled and she is not actually divorced. Similarly, if there is a rumor that a woman was betrothed but that the man threw her betrothal, i.e., the money or document of betrothal, to her, and it is uncertain whether it was closer to her and uncertain whether it was closer to him, and therefore the status of their betrothal is likewise uncertain, this is considered a valid explanation.
יָצָא שְׁמָהּ בָּעִיר מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. מְגֹרֶשֶׁת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגֹרֶשֶׁת. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם אֲמַתְלָא. אֵיזוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא. גֵּרַשׁ אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל תְּנַאי, זָרַק לָהּ קִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, סָפֵק קָרוֹב לָהּ סָפֵק קָרוֹב לוֹ, זוֹ הִיא אֲמַתְלָא:
Bartenura
יצא שמה בעיר מקודשת. פנויה שיצא עליה קול, פלונית נתקדשה היום לפלוני. ולא קול הברה בלבד, אלא כגון שהיו נרות דולקות ומטות מוצעות, ובני אדם נכנסים ויוצאים ואומרים פלונית נתקדשה היום:
מגורשת הרי זו מגורשת. ארישא קאי, האי איתתא דיצא עליה קול מקודשת וחיישינן ליה ואסרנוה לינשא אלא לאותו האיש, אם חזר ויצא עליה קול מגורשת שגרשה אותו פלוני שיצא לה קול קדושין ממנו, הרי זו מגורשת ומותרת לכל, שהרי קול שחששנו לו תחלה שוברו עמו:
ובלבד שלא יהא שם אמתלא. שלא יהא עם הקול של קדושין או של גרושין אמתלא, טעם שהוא שובר את כח הקול:
יצא שמה בעיר מקודשת – a free woman where a voice went forth about her: “so-and-so became betrothed today to a certain man, and not only an indistinct rumor (see Gittin 89a) but such as where candles were kindled and beds were made, and people would come and go and say,”so-and-so became betrothed today.”
מגורשת -הרי זו מגורשת – It is referring to the first part of the Mishnah – where this woman upon whom a voice went out that she is betrothed and we are concerned for him and prohibit her to marry anyone other than to that man. And if he returned and a voice went out about her that she is divorced, for that same individual with whom a voice went out that she had become betrothed , she is divorced and permitted to all, for the voice that we were suspect of at first, his receipt is with him.
ובלבד שלא יהא שם כמתלא – as long as there is not with the voice of [her] betrothal or the voice of [her] divorce providing no reasonable explanation to show how the report may have arisen by mistake.