Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 10 Mishnah 5
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כתובות פרק י׳ משנה ה׳
In the case of one who was married to four women and died, the woman he married first precedes the woman he married second in claiming her marriage contract, the second precedes the third, and the third precedes the fourth. And the first wife takes an oath to the second that she has taken nothing from the jointly owned properties of the estate in an unlawful manner, and the second takes an oath to the third, and the third to the fourth. The fourth wife is paid her share without having to take an oath. Ben Nanas says: Should she gain this advantage merely because she is last? After all, she too is being paid from property that would otherwise go to the orphans. Rather, she too is not paid without an oath. However, if all of the marriage contracts were issued on the same day, whichever wife’s marriage contract precedes that of another, even by a single hour, has acquired the right to be paid first. And so, the practice in Jerusalem was that they would write the hours when the documents had been signed on the documents, in order to enable the document holder to demonstrate that his or her document preceded that of another. If all the contracts were issued in the same hour and there is only one hundred dinars from which to pay all of them, all of the women divide the money equally.
מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי אַרְבַּע נָשִׁים וּמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה קוֹדֶמֶת לַשְּׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּשְׁלִישִׁית לָרְבִיעִית. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה נִשְׁבַּעַת לַשְּׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּשְׁלִישִׁית לָרְבִיעִית, וְהָרְבִיעִית נִפְרַעַת שֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. בֶּן נַנָּס אוֹמֵר, וְכִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא אַחֲרוֹנָה נִשְׂכֶּרֶת, אַף הִיא לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. הָיוּ יוֹצְאוֹת כֻּלָּן בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, כָּל הַקּוֹדֶמֶת לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, זָכְתָה. וְכָךְ הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שָׁעוֹת. הָיוּ כֻלָּן יוֹצְאוֹת בְּשָׁעָה אַחַת וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא מָנֶה, חוֹלְקוֹת בְּשָׁוֶה:
Bartenura
הראשונה קודמת לשניה. אותה שזמן כתובתה מוקדם קודמת לשניה שזמנה מאוחר. וכן כולם:
הראשונה נשבעת לשניה. אם שניה טוענת השבעי לי שלא גבית משל בעלי כלום, דלמא לא ישאר לי ממה שאגבה כתובתי. ואף שלישית תאמר כן לשניה, ורביעית לשלישית. אבל הרביעית נפרעת שלא בשבועה, וכגון שאין שם יורש או בעל חוב אחר שישביעה:
בן ננס אומר כו׳ פלוגתייהו דתנא קמא ובן ננס מפרש בגמרא כגון שנמצאת שדה אחת מאלו השדות שגבו השלש נשים הראשונות, שאינה שלו, שנודע שגזלה וסוף שיבואו בעליה ויטלוה, וכשבאה הרביעית לגבות כתובתה משדה רביעית באה זאת ואומרת לה למחר יבא הנגזל ויטול שדהו מידי, רצוני שתשבעי לי שלא גבית כתובתיך בחיי הבעל. תנא קמא סבר בעל חוב מאוחר שקדם וגבה מה שגבה לא גבה, הלכך למה תשבע, אם יבא הנגזל ויטרוף מזו תחזור היא על הרביעית ותטול ממנה מה שגבתה, דהויא לה רביעית בעל חוב מאוחר. ובן ננס סבר, בעל חוב מאוחר שקדם וגבה, מה שגבה גבה, ואם תחזיק זאת אין השלישית יכולה לחזור עליה, ולכך תשבע לה שלא גבתה מנכסי בעלה כלום. והלכה כתנא קמא. וממילא שמעינן שאם תפסה מטלטלין שצריכה לישבע לדברי הכל כיון שאין דין קדימה במטלטלין ומה שגבה גבה:
הראשונה קודמת לשניה – hers whose time of her Ketubah precedes that of the second, whose time is later, and similarly for all of them.
הראשונה נשבעת לשניה – if the second [wife] claims: “swear to me that you have not collected from my husband anything, for perhaps there will not remain for me from what I will collect my Ketubah and even the third [wife] will claim the same thing to the second [wife] and the fourth [wife] to the third, but the fourth collects without an oath as for example if there is no heir or another creditor who will make her take an oath.
בן ננס אומר כו' – the disagreement of the first Tanna and Ben Nanos is explained in the Gemara (Talmud Ketubot 94a) as in the case where there is found one field from these field that the first three wives have collected which is not his, and it was known that he stole it, and eventually that its owners will come and take it and when the fourth [wife] comes to collect her Ketubah settlement from the fourth field, this one comes and says to her: “tomorrow the person who had been robbed will come and take his field; it is my desire that you will take an oath that you have not collected your Ketubah during the lifetime of the husband”; the First Tanna/teacher holds that the creditor of a later date who came early and collected, what he had collected, he did not collect; therefore, why should she take an oath if the person who was robbed will come and snatch it from this one. Let her return to the fourth [wife] and take from her what she collected, and hence the fourth [wife] would be a creditor of a later date. And Ben Nanos holds that a creditor o a later date who came early and collected what he collected, he has collected, and if she (i.e. the wife who came early) takes possession of this, the third [wife] cannot return to her, and therefore, takes an oath to her that she did not collect anything from the property of her husband and the Halakha is according to the First Tanna/teacher. Of itself, we learn that if she did not take hold of movable property, that she must take an oath, according to everyone’s opinion since there is no precedence as regards to movable property and what she collected, she collected.