Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 12 Mishnah 3
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יבמות פרק י"ב משנה ג׳
If she, i.e., the yevama, removed the shoe and spat in accordance with the halakha but did not recite the necessary text, her ḥalitza is valid. If she recited the text and spat but did not remove the shoe, her ḥalitza is disqualified. If she removed the shoe and recited the text but did not spit, Rabbi Elazar says: Her ḥalitza is disqualified, while Rabbi Akiva says: Her ḥalitza is valid. Rabbi Elazar said to him: The verse states: “So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). “So” is an exclusionary term indicating that only precisely in this fashion is ḥalitza valid. Therefore, any term that constitutes an action for ḥalitza is indispensable. Rabbi Akiva said to him: You derive proof from there? But it states: “So shall it be done to the man” indicating that only a term constituting an action toward the man, namely any aspect of ḥalitza that concerns the man’s body, such as removal of his shoe, is indispensable. But spitting, which does not involve the man, although it takes place in his presence, is not indispensable.
חָלְצָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא קָרְאָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. קָרְאָה וְרָקְקָה, אֲבָל לֹא חָלְצָה, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. חָלְצָה וְקָרְאָה, אֲבָל לֹא רָקְקָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, חֲלִיצָתָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה (דברים כה), כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה, מְעַכֵּב. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִשָּׁם רְאָיָה, כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה בָאִישׁ:
Bartenura
חלצה ולא קראה חליצתה כשרה. דכי כתב רחמנא ככה דמשמע עיכובא, אמעשה הוא דכתיב (דברים כ״ה:ט׳) ככה יעשה לאיש, וקריאה דיבור בעלמא הוא:
דבר שהיא מעשה באיש. כגון חליצה שהאשה עושה מעשה בגופו של איש, לאפוקי רקיקה דלאו מעשה בגופו של איש הוא:
חלצה ולא קראה חליצתה כשרה – for since the All-Merciful wrote (Deuteronomy 25:9): “Thus/ככה “ which implies an indispensable condition to the deed as it is written (Deuteronomy 25:9): “Thus shall be done to the man [who will not build up his brother’s house],” and the calling is mere speaking
דבר שהוא מעשה באיש – such as, for example [the case of] Halitzah where the woman performs the action with the body of the man, to exclude spitting, which is not an action with the body of the man.